Table 2. Descriptive characteristics of patients with and without lipid-lowering, anticoagulant, and antihypertensive drugs clinically indicated at the time of their stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
| Characteristic | Subcategory | Lipid-Lowering Drugs Clinically Indicated | Anticoagulant Drugs Clinically Indicated | Antihypertensive Drugs Clinically Indicated | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | ||
| Diagnosis | Stroke only | 8,464 (52.8) | 7,781 (59.8) | 1,881 (58.9) | 14,364 (55.6) | 3,843 (54.8) | 12,402 (56.3) |
| TIA only | 5,212 (32.5) | 5,234 (40.2) | 958 (30.0) | 9,488 (36.7) | 2,253 (32.2) | 8,193 (37.2) | |
| Stroke with previous TIA | 2,352 (14.7) | 0 (0.0) | 355 (11.1) | 1,997 (7.7) | 912 (13.0) | 1,440 (6.5) | |
| Total | 16,028 (100) | 13,015 (100) | 3,194 (100.0) | 25,849 (100.0) | 7,008 (100.0) | 22,035 (100.0) | |
| Age (years) | <45 | 115 (0.7) | 997 (7.7) | 6 (0.2) | 1,106 (4.3) | 69 (1.0) | 1,043 (4.7) |
| 45–49 | 221 (1.4) | 723 (5.6) | 9 (0.3) | 935 (3.6) | 109 (1.5) | 835 (3.8) | |
| 50–54 | 494 (3.0) | 919 (7.0) | 15 (0.5) | 1,398 (5.4) | 190 (2.7) | 1,223 (5.6) | |
| 55–59 | 811 (5.1) | 954 (7.3) | 39 (1.2) | 1,726 (6.7) | 311 (4.4) | 1,454 (6.6) | |
| 60–64 | 1,489 (9.3) | 1,097 (8.4) | 70 (2.2) | 2,516 (9.7) | 556 (7.9) | 2,030 (9.2) | |
| 65–69 | 2,049 (12.8) | 1,193 (9.2) | 170 (5.3) | 3,072 (11.9) | 832 (11.9) | 2,410 (10.9) | |
| 70–74 | 2,638 (16.5) | 1,083 (8.3) | 291 (9.1) | 3,430 (13.3) | 1,091 (15.6) | 2,630 (11.9) | |
| 75–79 | 2,329 (14.5) | 2,069 (15.9) | 604 (18.9) | 3,794 (14.7) | 1,133 (16.2) | 3,265 (14.8) | |
| 80–84 | 2,514 (15.7) | 1,791 (13.8) | 760 (23.8) | 3,545 (13.7) | 1,179 (16.8) | 3,126 (14.2) | |
| 85–89 | 2,068 (12.9) | 1,293 (9.9) | 719 (22.5) | 2,642 (10.2) | 974 (13.9) | 2,387 (10.8) | |
| 90–94 | 1,012 (6.3) | 665 (5.1) | 399 (12.5) | 1,278 (4.9) | 453 (6.5) | 1,224 (5.6) | |
| ≥95 | 288 (1.8) | 231 (1.8) | 112 (3.5) | 407 (1.6) | 111 (1.6) | 408 (1.9) | |
| Sex | Male | 8,941 (55.8) | 5,263 (40.4) | 1,469 (46.0) | 12,735 (49.3) | 3,440 (49.1) | 10,764 (48.8) |
| Female | 7,087 (44.2) | 7,752 (59.6) | 1,725 (54.0) | 13,114 (50.7) | 3,568 (50.9) | 11,271 (51.2) | |
| BMI* | Healthy | 4,655 (29.1) | 4,548 (34.9) | 1,108 (34.7) | 8,095 (31.3) | 1,953 (27.9) | 7,250 (32.9) |
| Underweight | 339 (2.1) | 373 (2.9) | 98 (3.1) | 614 (2.4) | 135 (1.9) | 577 (2.6) | |
| Overweight | 5,995 (37.4) | 4,293 (33.0) | 1,141 (35.7) | 9,147 (35. 4) | 2,599 (37.1) | 7,689 (34.9) | |
| Obese | 4,172 (26.0) | 2,442 (18.8) | 651 (20.4) | 5,963 (23.0) | 2,010 (28.7) | 4,604 (20.9) | |
| Missing | 867 (5.4) | 1,359 (10.4) | 196 (6.1) | 2,030 (7.9) | 311 (4.4) | 1,915 (8.7) | |
| Smoking status | Non-smoker | 3,927 (24.5) | 2,410 (18.5) | 886 (27.7) | 5,452 (21.1) | 1,626 (23.2) | 4,712 (21.4) |
| Ex-smoker | 7,910 (49.0) | 7,180 (55.2) | 1,865 (58.4) | 13,173 (51.0) | 3,702 (52.8) | 11,336 (51.4) | |
| Current smoker | 3,716 (23.3) | 2,521 (19.4) | 335 (10.5) | 5,916 (22.9) | 1,487 (21.2) | 4,764 (21.6) | |
| Missing | 475 (3.2) | 904 (6.9) | 108 (3.4) | 1,308 (5.1) | 193 (2.8) | 1,223 (5.6) | |
| Rurality | Urban | 5,997 (37.4) | 4,881 (37.5) | 1,236 (38.7) | 9,642 (37.3) | 2,555 (36.5) | 8,323 (37.8) |
| Rural | 10,021 (62.5) | 8,128 (62.5) | 1,957 (61.3) | 16,192 (62.6) | 4,451 (63.5) | 13,698 (62.1) | |
| Missing | 10 (0.1) | 6 (0.0) | 1 (0. 0) | 15 (0.1) | 2 (0.0) | 14 (0.1) | |
| Townsend deprivation quintile | 1 (least deprived) | 3,709 (23.2) | 3,242 (24.9) | 815 (25.5) | 6,136 (23.7) | 1,630 (23.3) | 5,321 (24.1) |
| 2 | 3,497 (21.8) | 3,085 (23.7) | 763 (23.9) | 5,819 (22.5) | 1,582 (22.6) | 5,000 (22.7) | |
| 3 | 3,210 (20.0) | 2,685 (20.6) | 670 (21.0) | 5,225 (20.2) | 1,405 (20.0) | 4,490 (20.4) | |
| 4 | 3,047 (19.0) | 2,201 (16.9) | 528 (16.5) | 4,720 (18.3) | 1,323 (18.9) | 3,925 (17.8) | |
| 5 (most deprived) | 2,187 (13.6) | 1,486 (11.4) | 347 (10.9) | 3,326 (12.9) | 900 (12.8) | 2,773 (12.6) | |
| Missing | 378 (2.4) | 316 (2.5) | 71 (2.2) | 623 (2.4) | 168 (2.4) | 526 (2.4) | |
| Comorbidity | Atrial fibrillation | 2,392 (14.9) | 1,152 (8.9) | 3,194 (100. 0) | 350 (1.4) | 923 (13.2) | 2,621 (11.9) |
| Asthma | 1,724 (10.8) | 1,338 (10.3) | 320 (10.0) | 2,742 (10.6) | 736 (10.5) | 2,326 (10.6) | |
| Cancer | 1,911 (11.9) | 1,328 (10.2) | 420 (13.1) | 2,819 (10.9) | 796 (11.4) | 2,443 (11.1) | |
| CHD | 5,543 (34.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1,083 (33.9) | 4,460 (17.3) | 2,023 (28.9) | 3,520 (16.0) | |
| CKD | 5,774 (36.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1,157 (36.2) | 4,617 (17.9) | 2,343 (33.4) | 3,431 (15.6) | |
| COPD | 1,470 (9.2) | 728 (5.6) | 309 (9.7) | 1,889 (7.3) | 547 (7.8) | 1,651 (7.5) | |
| Dementia | 737 (4.6) | 533 (4.1) | 213 (6.7) | 1,057 (4.1) | 226 (3.2) | 1,044 (4.7) | |
| Depression | 3,420 (21.3) | 2,754 (21.2) | 613 (19.2) | 5,561 (21.5) | 1,413 (20.2) | 4,761 (21.6) | |
| Diabetes | 4,486 (28.0) | 26 (0.2) | 658 (20.6) | 3,854 (14.9) | 1,796 (25.6) | 2,716 (12.3) | |
| Epilepsy | 287 (1.8) | 327 (2.5) | 47 (1.5) | 567 (2.2) | 117 (1.7) | 497 (2.3) | |
| Heart failure | 1,338 (8.3) | 287 (2.2) | 651 (20.4) | 974 (3.8) | 437 (6.2) | 1,188 (5.4) | |
| Hypertension | 9,666 (60.3) | 4,980 (38.3) | 2,297 (71.9) | 12,349 (47.8) | 5,241 (74.8) | 9,405 (42.7) | |
| Hypothyroidism | 1,724 (10.8) | 1,166 (9.0) | 440 (13.8) | 2,450 (9.5) | 755 (10.8) | 2,135 (9.7) | |
| Learning disability | 54 (0.3) | 76 (0.6) | 6 (0.2) | 124 (0.5) | 16 (0.2) | 114 (0.5) | |
| Osteoporosis | 1,265 (7.9) | 1,053 (8.1) | 372 (11.6) | 1,946 (7.5) | 578 (8.2) | 1,740 (7.9) | |
| PAD | 1,431 (8.9) | 0 (0.0) | 216 (6.8) | 1,215 (4.7) | 576 (8.2) | 855 (3.9) | |
| Palliative care | 223 (1.4) | 136 (1.0) | 52 (1.6) | 307 (1.2) | 67 (1.0) | 292 (1.3) | |
| Psychosis | 262 (1.6) | 177 (1.4) | 30 (0.9) | 409 (1.6) | 96 (1.4) | 343 (1.6) | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 394 (2.5) | 261 (2.0) | 80 (2.5) | 575 (2.2) | 170 (2.4) | 485 (2.2) | |
Data are given as frequency (percent).
*BMI: healthy (18.5–25.9 kg/m2), underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), overweight (26–30 kg/m2), obese (>30 kg/m2)
BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PAD, peripheral artery disease; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.