Table 4. Association of preoperative symptoms of psychological disorders with clinical outcome.

	Change of DASH score	Anchor question pain	Anchor question function
Preoperative Distress
Model 1
Coefficient	-8.06	-0.39	-0.36
95% CI	-12.96 - -3.16	-0.67 - -0.10	-0.67 - -0.04
P value	0.001	0.008	0.03
Preoperative Distress
Model 2
Coefficient	0.30	0.31	0.19
95% CI	-6.09–6.7	-0.12–0.74	-0.31–0.69
P value	0.93	0.16	0.45
Preoperative Depression
Model 1
Coefficient	-15.15	-0.74	-0.62
95% CI	-22.54 - -7.76	-1.17 - -0.31	-1.09 - -0.14
P value	< 0.001	0.001	0.011
Preoperative Depression
Model 2
Coefficient	-4.68	0.09	0.07
95% CI	-14.72 - -5.36	-0.56–0.74	-0.68–0.82
P value	0.36	0.78	0.85
Preoperative Anxiety
Model 1
Coefficient	-9.51	-0.55	-0.56
95% CI	-15.21 - -3.81	-0.88 - -0.23	-0.92 - -0.19
P value	0.001	0.001	0.003
Preoperative Anxiety
Model 2
Coefficient	-6.25	-0.27	-0.33
95% CI	-13.84–1.30	-0.75–0.21	-0.89–0.23
P value	0.10	0.27	0.24
Preoperative Somatisation
Model 1
Coefficient	-11.84	-0.59	-0.57
95% CI	-17.29 - -6.40	-0.90 - -0.26	-0.93 - -0.21
P value	< 0.001	0.001	0.002
Preoperative Somatisation
Model 2
Coefficient	-3.00	-0.12	-0.12
95% CI	-10.53–4.52	-0.62–0.37	-0.68–0.45
P value	0.43	0.63	0.69

Model 1: adjusted for age, gender and preoperative DASH score in the models with DASH change score as outcome. In the models with the anchor questions, the models were additionally adjusted for previous surgery.

Model 2: Model 1 + also adjusted for postoperative symptoms of psychological disorders