| A1 |
Preoccupation with smartphone use, and hence keeping smartphone device available all day |
29.9% |
69.8% |
49.5% |
80.4% |
57.1% |
75.1% |
| A2 |
Recurrent failure to resist the impulse to use the smartphone |
31.3% |
74.7% |
58.8% |
83.2% |
64.8% |
79.3% |
| A3 |
Tolerance: a marked increase in the duration of smartphone use is needed to achieve satisfaction |
27.1% |
67.6% |
42.3% |
81.0% |
53.9% |
72.7% |
| A4 |
Withdrawal: manifested as a dysphoric mood, anxiety and irritability after a period without smartphone use |
24.6% |
70.1% |
42.3% |
84.8% |
59.4% |
73.6% |
| A5 |
Smartphone use for a period longer than intended |
36.3% |
71.2% |
60.8% |
76.6% |
57.8% |
78.8% |
| A6 |
Persistent desire and/or unsuccessful attempts to cut down or reduce smartphone use |
24.2% |
70.5% |
42.3% |
85.3% |
60.3% |
73.7% |
| A7 |
Excessive smartphone use and/or time spent on quitting the smartphone use |
40.9% |
76.5% |
75.3% |
77.2% |
63.5% |
85.5% |
| A8 |
Excessive effort spent on smartphone use as much as possible, even when it is inappropriate to use it |
42.7% |
68.3% |
66.0% |
69.6% |
53.3% |
79.5% |
| A9 |
Continued excessive smartphone use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem resulting from smartphone overuse |
30.5% |
76.0% |
59.4% |
84.7% |
67.1% |
79.9% |
| A10 |
Use of the smartphone to escape or relieve a dysphoric mood (e.g. helpless, guilt, anxiety) |
26.5% |
69.9% |
44.8% |
83.1% |
58.1% |
74.2% |
| A11 |
Loss of previous interests, hobbies and entertainment as a result of—and with the exception of—smartphone use |
11.8% |
69.5% |
22.9% |
94.0% |
66.7% |
69.9% |
| A12 |
Deception of family members, therapists, or others regarding the amount of time spent on smartphone use |
9.7% |
69.5% |
19.8% |
95.6% |
70.4% |
69.4% |
| B1 |
Excessive smartphone use resulting in persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problems |
27.4% |
75.8% |
54.6% |
87.0% |
68.8% |
78.4% |
| B2 |
Smartphone use in situations in which it is physically hazardous (e.g., smartphone use while driving, or crossing the street) or significant negative impacts on daily life |
28.1% |
72.2% |
50.5% |
83.7% |
62.0% |
76.2% |
| B3 |
Smartphone use resulting in impairment of social relationships, schoolwork or job performance |
30.6% |
79.7% |
64.9% |
87.5% |
73.3% |
82.6% |
| B4 |
Excessive smartphone use causes significant subjective distress, or is time-consuming |
31.3% |
76.2% |
60.8% |
84.2% |
67.1% |
80.3% |
