| Criteria A |
Maladaptive pattern of smartphone use, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, occurring at any time within the same 3-month period. Three (or more) of the following symptoms having been present: |
Recurrent failure to resist the impulse to use the smartphone Withdrawal: as manifested by dysphoria, anxiety and/or irritability after a period without smartphone use Smartphone use for a period longer than intended Persistent desire and/or unsuccessful attempts to quit or reduce smartphone use Excessive time spent on using or quitting the smartphone use Continued excessive smartphone use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem resulting from smartphone overuse
|
| Criteria B |
Functional impairment: two (or more) of the following symptoms have been present |
Excessive smartphone use resulting in persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem Smartphone use in a physically hazardous situation (e.g., smartphone use while driving, or crossing the street), or having other negative impacts on daily life Smartphone use resulting in impairment of social relationships, school achievement, or job performance Excessive smartphone use causes significant subjective distress, or is time-consuming
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| Criteria C |
Exclusion criteria |
| The smartphone addictive behavior is not better accounted for by obsessive–compulsive disorder or by bipolar I disorder. |
