(A) ARPE-19 cells were treated with different doses of AF for 12 hours. Cell lysates were subjected to Western blot for determination of total and phosphorylated c-Jun, MAPKAPK2, and HSP27 with respective antibodies. β-actin was used as a loading control. (B) Quantitative data of Western blot results shown in panel A from three independent experiments. Results are shown as mean±SEM. The levels of the phosphorylated protein were compared with the control, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. The levels of the total protein were compared with the control, ※P < 0.05, ※※P < 0.01. (C) Immunofluorescence microphotographs of phosphorylated c-Jun(green), phosphorylated MAPKAPK2 (green), phosphorylated HSP27 (green) with phalloidin (red) and DAPI(blue) after ARPE-19 cells were treated with 2.0 μM AF for 12 hours. Scale bar = 20μm.