Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Data of the Study Participants.
| HC group (n = 49) | Vascular group (n = 97) | p value | Post hoc# | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VC (n = 39) | VMCI (n = 28) | VaD (n = 30) | ||||
| Sex (female), n (%) | 28 (57%) | 18 (46%) | 17 (61%) | 17 (57%) | 0.632 | 4,3>2,1 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 65.29 (7.50) | 66.56 (7.65) | 71.21 (7.33) | 74.17 (11.88) | <0.001 | |
| Education (years) | 11.43 (3.20) | 9.64 (4.32) | 5.54 (5.0) | 6.03 (4.47) | <0.001 | 4,3<1,2 |
| Infarction site, n (%) | ||||||
| Large vessel | 8 (21%) | 2 (7%) | 6 (20%) | |||
| Small vessel | 12 (31%) | 5 (18%) | 4 (13%) | |||
| Brainstem/cerebellum | 4 (10%) | 4 (14%) | 3 (10%) | |||
| White matter lesion | 15 (38%) | 17 (61%) | 17 (57%) | |||
| MMSE, mean (SD) | 27.65 (2.15) | 27.85 (1.9) | 24.43 (2.92) | 16.8 (6.14) | <0.001 | 2,1>3>4 |
| BI, mean (SD) | 99.90 (0.71) | 95.77 (4.94) | 92.32 (6.45) | 71.83 (28.57) | <0.001 | 1,2,3>4 |
| IADL, mean (SD) | 23.79 (0.61) | 23.08 (1.90) | 20.54 (4.56) | 11.17 (7.41) | <0.001 | 1,2>3>4 |
| p-IADL | 15.82 (0.60) | 15.18 (1.64) | 13.71 (3.47) | 7.40 (5.32) | <0.001 | 1,2,3>4 |
| c-IADL | 7.98 (0.14) | 7.90 (0.38) | 6.82 (1.49) | 3.77 (2.53) | <0.001 | 1,2>3>4 |
| TPIADL, mean (SD) | 5.19 (0.66) | 5.44 (0.75) | 6.29 (1.15) | 9.43 (3.28) | <0.001 | 1,2,3<4 |
HC, healthy control; VC, vascular control; VMCI, vascular mild cognitive impairment; VaD, vascular dementia. BI: Barthel Index; c-IADL: cognitive IADL; IADL: Lawton-Brody IADL Scale; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; p-IADL: physical IADL; SD: standard deviation; TPIADL: Taiwan Performance-based IADL. # 1 = HC, 2 = VC, 3 = VMCI, 4 = VaD