Table 2.
Hazard ratios for overall mortality from Cox Proportional Hazards Models.
| Model 1: Confounders |
Model 2: Confounders plus Socioeconomic |
Model 3: Confounders plus Chronic Diseases |
Model 4: Confounders plus Behaviors |
Model 5: Confounders plus all Mediators |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Anxiety/depression | |||||
| Yes | 1.61 (1.40, 1.84) | 1.51 (1.32, 1.73) | 1.32 (1.14, 1.52) | 1.33 (1.16, 1.53) | 1.08 (0.93, 1.24) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Age in years | 1.09 (1.09, 1.10) | 1.09 (1.09, 1.09) | 1.08 (1.08, 1.09) | 1.10 (1.09, 1.10) | 1.08 (1.08, 1.09) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1.45 (1.36, 1.56) | 1.56 (1.45, 1.68) | 1.42 (1.33, 1.53) | 1.48 (1.37, 1.60) | 1.51 (1.39, 1.64) |
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 0.80 (0.71, 0.90) | 0.70 (0.61, 0.80) | 0.83 (0.73, 0.94) | 0.78 (0.68, 0.89) | 0.77 (0.67, 0.89) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.41 (1.26, 1.56) | 1.26 (1.13, 1.41) | 1.33 (1.19, 1.48) | 1.31 (1.17, 1.46) | 1.18 (1.05, 1.34) |
| Non-Hispanic other | 0.89 (0.70, 1.12) | 0.83 (0.64, 1.07) | 0.89 (0.70, 1.15) | 0.91 (0.71, 1.16) | 0.84 (0.64, 1.11) |
| Family income | |||||
| < $20,000 per year | 1.46 (1.33, 1.59) | 1.27 (1.15, 1.40) | |||
| >= $20,000 per year | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Education | |||||
| Less than high school | 1.35 (1.23, 1.48) | 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) | |||
| High school diploma or GED | 1.18 (1.07, 1.29) | 1.10 (1.00, 1.20) | |||
| More than high school | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Number of chronic diseases | |||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 1 | 1.43 (1.31, 1.57) | 1.49 (1.36, 1.64) | |||
| 2 | 2.04 (1.86, 2.25) | 2.08 (1.87, 2.32) | |||
| 3 or more | 2.93 (2.57, 3.33) | 2.87 (2.50, 3.30) | |||
| Exercise | |||||
| Unable to exercise | 2.39 (1.95, 2.94) | 1.78 (1.44, 2.20) | |||
| Never exercises | 1.41 (1.29, 1.54) | 1.34 (1.22, 1.47) | |||
| Exercises < 5/wk | 1.06 (0.95, 1.18) | 1.08 (0.96, 1.21) | |||
| Exercises >= 5/wk | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Smoking | |||||
| >=1 pack/ day | 2.30 (2.02, 2.61) | 2.24 (1.97, 2.54) | |||
| < 1 pack/day | 2.05 (1.81, 2.32) | 2.00 (1.75, 2.27) | |||
| Former | 1.25 (1.16, 1.36) | 1.22 (1.12, 1.32) | |||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Self-reported BMI | |||||
| <20 | 1.43 (1.26, 1.63) | 1.50 (1.31, 1.73) | |||
| 20 to <25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 25 to <30 | 0.88 (0.80, 0.95) | 0.83 (0.76, 0.90) | |||
| 30 to <35 | 0.94 (0.84, 1.06) | 0.82 (0.72, 0.92) | |||
| 35+ | 1.38 (1.17, 1.61) | 1.09 (0.92, 1.28) | |||