Table 2.
Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of patients receiving tracheostomies or initiated on chronic ventilation
| Characteristic, % (95% CI) | Tracheostomy alone n=1,034 | Invasive ventilation n=717 | Noninvasive ventilation n=381 | Any device n=2,132 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 59.8 (56.7–62.7) | 55.9 (52.2–59.5) | 60.1 (55.1–64.9) | 58.6 (56.5–60.6) |
| Age, months, median (IQR) | 42 (9–138) | 27 (6–143) | 143 (74–192) | 54 (10–158) |
| Racea | ||||
| Caucasian | 49.8 (46.5–53) | 51.9 (48–55.8) | 60.6 (55.1–65.9) | 52.4 (50.2–54.7) |
| African American | 22.6 (20–25.4) | 16.6 (13.8–19.7) | 16.8 (13.1–21.4) | 19.6 (17.8–21.4) |
| Hispanic | 17.9 (15.5–20.5) | 20.6 (17.6–23.9) | 13.7 (10.3–17.9) | 18.1 (16.4–19.9) |
| Asian/Indian/Pacific Islander | 2.3 (1.5–3.5) | 2.3 (1.3–3.8) | 3.8 (2.2–6.6) | 2.5 (1.9–3.4) |
| Other/mixed | 6.1 (4.8–7.9) | 6.1 (4.5–8.3) | 3.5 (1.9–6.2) | 5.6 (4.6–6.7) |
| Unspecified | 1.3 (0.7–2.3) | 2.6 (1.6–4.2) | 1.6 (0.7–3.8) | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) |
| Number of complex chronic conditions | ||||
| None | 15.1 (13–17.4) | 5.4 (4–7.4) | 5.5 (3.6–8.3) | 10.1 (8.9–11.5) |
| 1 | 26.2 (23.6–29) | 13.2 (11–15.9) | 25.2 (21.1–29.8) | 21.6 (19.9–23.4) |
| 2 | 17.6 (15.4–20) | 19.2 (16.5–22.3) | 21.3 (17.4–25.7) | 18.8 (17.2–20.6) |
| ≥ 3 | 41.1 (38.1–44.1) | 62.1 (58.4–65.6) | 48 (43–53.1) | 49.5 (47.3–51.6) |
| Baseline POPCb | ||||
| No disability | 19.6 (16–23.9) | 16.8 (12.9–21.7) | 4.7 (2.5–8.9) | 15.4 (13.2–18) |
| Mild disability | 21.9 (18.1–26.3) | 15.8 (11.9–20.6) | 8.9 (5.6–14) | 17.1 (14.7–19.7) |
| Moderate disability | 37 (32.3–41.9) | 31.5 (26.3–37.3) | 33.2 (26.8–40.2) | 34.4 (31.3–37.6) |
| Severe disability | 20.9 (17.2–25.2) | 35.8 (30.4–41.7) | 53.2 (46–60.2) | 32.9 (29.8–36.1) |
| Coma/vegetative state | 0.5 (0.1–2) | – | – | 0.2 (0.1–0.9) |
| Baseline PCPCb | ||||
| No disability | 43.6 (38.8–48.6) | 39 (33.5–45) | 28.9 (22.9–35.9) | 38.9 (35.7–42.2) |
| Mild disability | 18.1 (14.6–22.3) | 20.4 (16.1–25.6) | 21.1 (15.8–27.5) | 19.5 (17–22.3) |
| Moderate disability | 19.6 (16–23.9) | 19.7 (15.4–24.8) | 12.6 (8.6–18.2) | 18.1 (15.7–20.8) |
| Severe disability | 18.1 (14.6–22.3) | 20.8 (16.4–26) | 37.4 (30.7–44.5) | 23.2 (20.5–26.2) |
| Coma/vegetative state | 0.5 (0.1–2) | – | – | 0.2 (0.1–0.9) |
| Insurancec | ||||
| Medicaid/Medicare/government | 60.8 (56.7–64.8) | 65.7 (60.6–70.4) | 61.3 (54.9–67.2) | 62.4 (59.6–65.2) |
| Commercial | 33.1 (29.3–37.1) | 30.7 (26.2–35.7) | 36.7 (30.8–43) | 33.1 (30.4–35.9) |
| Self-Pay | 3 (1.9–4.8) | 1.7 (0.7–3.7) | 0.4 (0–2.9) | 20.7 (13.9–30.7) |
| Other | 3 (1.9–4.8) | 1.9 (0.9–4) | 1.7 (0.6–4.4) | 2.4 (1.7–3.5) |
CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; PCPC, Pediatric Cerebral Performance Categories; POPC, Pediatric Overall Performance Categories
a
Race data available for 1851 (87%) patients from 61 (82%) sites
b
Pediatric Performance Categories available for 863 (40%) patients from 28 (38%)
c
Insurance data available for 1162 (54%) patients from 36 (47%) sites