Figure 2.

The effect of plasmid electroporation on type 1 interferon (IFN) expression. Groups of naive heterozygous luciferase reporter mice (IFN-β+/Δβ-luc) were treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or an empty plasmid (pEmpty) before applying eight 20 ms and 200 V/cm electric pulses with plate electrodes (+EP) or not (−EP). Type 1 IFN expression was quantified by in vivo bioluminescence imaging following i.p. injection of luciferin. (a) Radiance was observed at 0, 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours following treatment. The results are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 4). The asterisks indicate significant differences compared to the control group PBS without EP (*P < 0.05) (Friedman test and Dunn's post-hoc test). (b) Representative imaging of the mice as a function of treatment and time. Color presentation indicates the intensity of bioluminescence, as shown in the bar.