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A schematic model showing the role of TGFβ/Smad3 regulated CXCR4 expression in SMC migration toward SDF‐1α. (A): TGFβ/Smad3 stimulates CXCR4 expression while SDF‐1α activates MAPK through CXCR4. (B): Elevated SDF‐1α in the subintima of injured artery attracts SMCs from wildtype mice but not from CXCR4 knockout mice. Abbreviations: SDF‐1, stromal cell‐derived factor‐1; SMCs, smooth muscle cells; TGFβ, transforming growth factor‐β.
