Table 2.

Correlates of craving for combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes among e-cigarette users and current smokers immediately after advertising exposure.

		Craving for combustible cigarettes (n=565)			Craving for e-cigarettes (n=482)
		Coeff.	95% CI	Mean (SD)	Coeff.	95% CI	Mean (SD)
Experimental condition
	Control	Ref.		57.65 (13.32)	Ref.		61.14 (12.28)
	Ingredient	−7.12*	−13.70, −0.53	51.71 (13.68)	−11.98***	−18.75, −5.20	48.67 (13.15)
	Industry	−4.61	−11.18, 1.96	54.13 (13.60)	−9.55**	−16.36, −2.74	52.13 (14.27)
E-cigarette use
	Never usera	Ref.		51.37 (12.16)	Ref.		48.53 (11.65)
	Past user	1.83	−4.06, 7.71	51.97 (13.12)	−0.22	−6.45, 6.01	46.85 (13.49)
	Current user	7.14*	1.27, 13.02	58.58 (14.87)	11.05***	5.01, 17.10	61.52 (12.67)
Smoking status
	Non-smokerb	Ref.		29.22 (9.56)	Ref.		41.17 (13.39)
	Non-daily	16.50**	4.48, 28.52	48.52 (11.24)	7.22	−6.50, 20.94	54.15 (13.69)
	Daily	30.83***	18.75, 42.91	60.73 (11.09)	7.53	−6.24, 21.30	51.92 (14.28)
E-cigarette marketing exposure
	Low	Ref.		40.43 (33.22)	Ref.		36.60 (28.30)
	Medium	7.52*	0.52, 14.52	49.92 (31.92)	7.83*	0.09, 15.57	47.69 (29.52)
	High	17.66	11.06, 24.27	61.51 (27.86)	18.21***	11.00, 25.43	60.04 (29.99)
Age (years)
	18–24	Ref.		50.68 (13.60)	Ref.		50.40 (13.10)
	≥ 25	1.27	−3.91, 6.46	56.35 (13.32)	2.16	−3.25, 7.57	54.24 (14.76)
Sex
	Male	Ref.		56.57 (13.13)	Ref.		58.39 (12.37)
	Female	−1.32	−6.29, 3.65	51.14 (13.79)	−7.71**	−12.91, −2.51	45.90 (13.16)
Race
	White	Ref.		52.04 (13.39)	Ref.		50.02 (13.77)
	Non-White	7.26*	1.28, 13.23	60.88 (12.75)	10.80**	4.63, 16.97	61.89 (11.53)
Ethnicity
	Non-Hispanic	Ref.		52.98 (13.71)	Ref.		50.83 (14.18)
	Hispanic	6. 93*	0.56, 13.30	57.84 (13.13)	7.52*	0.96, 14.08	60.06 (11.48)
Education
	≤ High school	Ref.		50.60 (12.17)	Ref.		47.52 (12.59)
	Some college	−0.18	−6.54, 6.19	50.05 (13.50)	−0.60	−7.45, 6.26	46.23 (12.63)
	≥ 4 years of college	6.27	−0.19, 12.73	59.10 (13.11)	7.61*	0.76, 14.46	60.12 (12.42)

^aNever user refers to subset of smokers who never tried e-cigarettes.

^bNon-smoker refers to subset of e-cigarette users who were non-smokers.

Cell entries are coefficients from ordinary least squares regressions and means [standard deviation (SD)], adjusted for all other variables in the table.

^*P≤0.05;

^**P≤0.01;

^***P≤0.001.

Value of craving ranges from 0 to 100 for combustible cigarettes and from 1to 100 for e-cigarettes, because that model excludes respondents who reported no craving at all (0). Variance inflation factors did not indicate problems with collinearity when e-cigarette use and smoking status were included in the same model. E-cigarette use was categorized as never user, past user (used but not in the past 30 days), or current user (used at least once in the past 30 days). CI= confidence interval.