Table 1.
Subject characteristics at screening, energy and macronutrient intake during the dietary intervention, and diet-induced change in urinary urea nitrogen excretion rate.
| WM | WL | WL-HP | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 60 ± 1 | 58 ± 1 | 58 ± 1 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 36 ± 2 | 35 ± 1 | 36 ± 1 |
| Body mass (kg) | 98 ± 7 | 95 ± 2 | 93 ± 2 |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 51 ± 2 | 49 ± 1 | 46 ± 1 |
| Body fat (%) | 49 ± 2 | 48 ± 1 | 50 ± 1 |
| Intrahepatic triglyceride content (%) | 10.2 ± 3.4 | 6.6 ± 1.2 | 8.3 ± 2.8 |
| Intra-abdominal adipose tissue volume (cm3) | 1,596 ± 279 | 1,404 ± 138 | 1,341 ± 205 |
| Plasma concentrations | |||
| Glucose (mg/dL)* | 95 ± 5 | 96 ± 2 | 94 ± 3 |
| Glucose - 2 h post OGTT (mg/dL) | 143 ± 16 | 124 ± 8 | 134 ± 8 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)* | 148 ± 19 | 136 ± 25 | 95 ± 12 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL)* | 215 ± 20 | 215 ± 14 | 203 ± 10 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)* | 56 ± 5 | 60 ± 6 | 59 ± 2 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)* | 129 ± 19 | 128 ± 11 | 124 ± 9 |
| Diet composition and diet-induced change in urinary urea nitrogen excretion rate | |||
| Energy (kcal/day) | 1,743 ± 146 | 1,345 ± 57† | 1,389 ± 72† |
| Carbohydrates (% total energy) | 47 ± 1 | 49 ± 2 | 43 ± 1†# |
| Carbohydrates (% non-protein energy intake) | 58 ± 2 | 63 ± 2 | 63 ± 2 |
| Fat (% total energy) | 34 ± 1 | 29 ± 2 | 26 ± 1† |
| Fat (% non-protein energy intake) | 42 ± 2 | 37 ± 2 | 37 ± 2 |
| Protein | |||
| % total energy | 19 ± 1 | 22 ± 1 | 31 ± 1†# |
| grams/day | 81 ± 8 | 73 ± 4 | 105 ± 3†# |
| grams/kg body weight/day | 0.79 ± 0.05 | 0.85 ± 0.04 | 1.25 ± 0.03†# |
| grams/kg ideal body weight‡/day | 1.18 ± 0.11 | 1.09 ± 0.06 | 1.64 ± 0.07†# |
| Urinary urea nitrogen excretion rate (g/d) | |||
| Before the diet intervention | 10 ± 2 | 11 ± 1 | 10 ± 1 |
| After the diet intervention | 8 ± 1 | 10 ± 1 | 15 ± 2†# |
Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.
OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test. WL: weight loss (n = 10). WL-HP: weight loss high-protein (n = 10). WM: weight maintenance (n = 7).
*
Values were obtained after an overnight fast.
†
Value significantly different from corresponding value in the WM group (P < 0.05).
#
Value significantly different from corresponding value in the WL group (P < 0.05).
‡
Ideal body weight is the weight corresponding to a body mass index of 24.9 kg/m2 (IOM, 2005).
See also Figure S4.