Table 1. Clinical characteristics of 50 patients with T2DM.
| No (M/F) | 50 (31/19) | Treatment for DM | No (%) |
| Age (y.o.) | 52.7 ± 13.5 | Diet | 21 (42) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.2 ± 6.6 | OHA | 27 (54) |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 186.5 ± 53.2 | SU | 16 |
| HbAlc (%) | 9.5 ± 1.8 | DPP4I | 18 |
| S-CPR (ng/mL) | 2.4 ± 0.9 | BG | 9 |
| U-CPR (mg/day) | 96.2 ± 44.0 | TZD | 3 |
| IRI (µU/mL) | 10.0 ± 8.0 | AGI | 2 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.3 ± 2.7 | GLP-1 | 4 (8) |
| TC (mg/dL) | 193.8 ± 40.0 | Others | |
| TG (mg/dL) | 160.4 ± 75.4 | statins | 7 (14) |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 45.5 ± 12.5 | ||
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 116.2 ± 36.4 | ||
| Non-HDL-C (mg/dL) | 145.1 ± 46.1 |
Patients were obese and showed insulin resistance (HOMA-IR was calculated as 4.3 ± 2.7). Patients were treated with diet (n = 21), oral hypoglycemic agents (n = 27, sulfonylurea (SU)/ dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4) inhibitor (DPP4I)/biguanide (BG)/thiazolidinedione (TZD)/alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (AGI) 16/18/9/3/2) or GLP-1 receptor agonist (n = 4). Patients who were being treated with insulin were excluded.