Table 2. Summary of ammonia oxidation rates, Thaumarchaeota abundance and the contribution of ammonia oxidation to bacterioplankton production on the Antarctic continental shelf.

	Water mass
	AASW (0–150 m)	WW (50–150 m)	CDW (>150 m)
Mean AO ratesa (nm per day)
Late Winter (17–24 Sept 2010)	62±16		21±5.7
Summer (7–30 Jan 2011)		13±2.8	24±6.6
Cells producedb (106 cells per liter per day)
Winter	3.1±0.82		1.1±0.28
Summer		0.66±0.14	1.2±0.33
Biomass producedc (106 cells per liter per day)
Winter	2.3±0.60		0.79±0.21
Summer		0.50±0.10	0.90±0.25
Mean abundanced (106 cells per liter)
Winter
Archaea amoA	1.2±0.17		0.78±0.21
Thaum rrs	5.6±0.90		2.9±0.94
Summer
Archaea amoA		4.0±1.0	12±2.7
Thaum rrs		2.9±0.78	14±1.7
Specific growth ratee (per day)
Winter
Archaea amoA	1.2±0.21		0.85±0.21
Thaum rrs	0.46±0.11		0.45±0.17
Summer
Archaea amoA		0.37±0.12	0.16±0.04
Thaum rrs		0.39±0.10	0.12±0.03
Specific nitrification ratef, λnitrif (per day)
Winter	0.078±0.015		0.026±0.007
Summer		0.009±0.002	0.057±0.016
Ammonium pool turnover timef (days)
Winter	30±11		95±54
Summer		608±189	109±30

Abbreviations: AASW, Antarctic surface water; AO, ammonia oxidation; CDW, circumpolar deep water; WW, winter water.

Means and s.e.m. are calculated using data from Supplementary Table 1.

^aAverage ammonia oxidation rates from this paper (Supplementary Table 1).

^bMeans from Supplementary Table 1, calculated assuming 49.5 × 10¹² cells produced per mole of NH4⁺ oxidized (average calculated from Figures 3 and 1 in Konneke et al. (2005) and Martens-Habbena et al. (2009), respectively).

^cMeans from Supplementary Table 1 calculated from cells produced assuming 9 fg C per cell (Berg et al., 2015).

^dCalculated from average gene abundances from this paper (Supplementary Table 1) assuming amoA and rrs are single-copy genes.

^eMeans from Supplementary Table 1, calculated from cells produced and abundance assuming exponential growth kinetics.

^fMeans from Supplementary Table 1.