Figure 4.

Effect of GO derivatives on the first- and second-round PCRs.

Notes: M: DNA marker. The concentration of GO derivative in lanes 1–8 in (A), (B), (F) and (G) is 0 μg mL⁻¹, 0.8 μg mL⁻¹, 1.6 μg mL⁻¹, 3.2 μg mL⁻¹, 4.8 μg mL⁻¹, 6.4 μg mL⁻¹, 8.0 μg mL⁻¹ and 9.6 μg mL⁻¹, respectively. The concentration of GO derivative in lanes 1–6 in (C), (D), (H) and (I), is 0 μg mL⁻¹, 4.8 μg mL⁻¹, 9.6 μg mL⁻¹, 14.4 μg mL⁻¹, 19.2 μg mL⁻¹ and 24.0 μg mL⁻¹, respectively. The contents of PAA, PAM, PEG and pSB in GO derivatives are 43.48%, 40.96%, 42.53% and 38.70%, respectively. (E) PCR band intensity at different concentrations of GO derivatives in 1st round PCR. (J) PCR band intensity at different concentrations of GO derivatives in 2nd round PCR.

Abbreviations: GO, graphene oxide; PAA, polyacrylic acid; PAM, polyacrylamide; PCRs, polymerase chain reactions; PEG, polyethylene glycol; pSB, poly(sulfobetaine).