Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with and without non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia
| Characteristics | Definite NOMI (n = 92) | NOMI ruled out (n = 55) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 75 (61–81) | 66 (55–78) | 0.02 |
| Male gender | 41 (45%) | 31 (56%) | 0.18 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24 (21–27) | 26 (23–29) | 0.15 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes | 13 (14%) | 16 (29%) | 0.03 |
| Hypertension | 50 (54%) | 27 (49%) | 0.61 |
| Smoking | 43 (47%) | 26 (47%) | 1.0 |
| Coronary disease | 26 (28%) | 20 (36%) | 0.36 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 14 (15%) | 12 (22%) | 0.37 |
| End-stage renal disease | 7 (8%) | 4 (7%) | 1.0 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 33 (36%) | 12 (22%) | 0.10 |
| Main diagnosis at ICU admission | 0.90 | ||
| Severe sepsis or septic shock | 41 (45%) | 22 (40%) | |
| Cardiogenic shock | 3 (3%) | 4 (7%) | |
| Hypovolemic shock | 14 (15%) | 7 (13%) | |
| Hemorrhagic shock | 9 (10%) | 7 (13%) | |
| Acute kidney injury | 3 (3%) | 3 (5%) | |
| Cardiac arrest | 13 (14%) | 7 (13%) | |
| Cardiac surgery | 9 (10%) | 5 (9%) | |
| Illness severity at admission (points) | |||
| SAPS II | 70 (57–87) | 74 (48–91) | 0.75 |
| SOFA | 8 (5–11) | 8 (4–12) | 0.78 |
| Diagnosis of NOMI | |||
| Time to diagnosis (days)a | 3.9 (1.5–13.0) | 4.7 (2.1–9.7) | 0.68 |
| Concurrent anticoagulation | 0.75 | ||
| Preventive | 34 (37%) | 17 (31%) | |
| Curative | 19 (20.7%) | 13 (23.6%) | |
| Concurrent antibiotic treatment | 90 (97.8%) | 46 (83.6%) | 0.002 |
| SOFA (points) | 10 (6–13) | 9 (7–12) | 0.97 |
| Clinical manifestations | |||
| Lower digestive symptoms | 56 (61%) | 29 (53%) | 0.39 |
| Upper digestive symptoms | 38 (41%) | 19 (35%) | 0.49 |
| Bacteremia | 20 (21.7%) | 9 (16.4%) | 0.43 |
| Serum laboratory results | |||
| Bicarbonates (mmol/L) | 16.0 (14.0–21.1) | 17.0 (14.5–21.5) | 0.83 |
| Arterial lactate (mmol/L) | 5.6 (2.2–10.1) | 6.3 (2.1–11.2) | 0.60 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 159 (125–231) | 132 (84–247) | 0.29 |
| K+ (mmol/L) | 4.6 (4.1–5.4) | 4.5 (3.9–5.2) | 0.46 |
| CPK, ×UNV | 1.0 (0.4–5.6) | 3.0 (7.8–9.1) | 0.09 |
| LDH, ×UNV | 4.9 (2.2–12.7) | 7.5 (2.8–17.3) | 0.35 |
| AST, ×UNV | 7.8 (1.3–43.7) | 3.0 (1.0–43.5) | 0.30 |
| Leukocyte count (G/L) | 14.1 (9.5–23.6) | 15.3 (8–22.5) | 0.96 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.0 (8.9–11.3) | 9.9 (8.9–11.2) | 0.51 |
| Platelets (G/L) | 120 (61–199) | 117 (62–182) | 0.94 |
| ICU mortality | 69 (76%) | 27 (49%) | 0.002 |
Categorical variables are expressed as median (interquartile range)
Lower digestive symptoms include hematochezia, melena and diarrhea. Upper digestive symptoms include vomiting, feeding intolerance and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding
BMI body mass index, NOMI non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia, ICU intensive care unit, SAPS II simplified acute physiology score II, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, UNV upper normal value (IU/L)
aTime from ICU admission to the first investigation of NOMI (CT-scan, surgery or endoscopy)