Fig. 5.

Effects of n-BuOH-soluble fraction and chakasaponin II (12) on neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA levels in mice. The test sample was given orally to male ddY mice once a day. Four days later, the hypothalamus was dissected out, and the NPY mRNA levels were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 6). Significant difference where *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.01 was compared with controls

Data were taken and reproduced from reference [14].