Table 4.
Coprevalent and Incident Tuberculosis Disease in Household Contacts of HIV-Seropositive and -Seronegative Tuberculosis Cases*
| Variable | Household Contacts of HIV-Seropositive Tuberculosis Cases | Household Contacts of HIV-Seronegative Tuberculosis Cases | Relative Risk (95% CI), P Value‡ |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Coprevalent Tuberculosis Disease† (% Prevalence) |
|||
| HIV serostatus of contact | |||
| HIV seropositive | 17/154 (11.0) | 5/47 (10.6) | 1.04 (0.41–2.63), 0.94 |
| HIV seronegative | 19/639 (3.0) | 37/814 (4.6) | 0.65 (0.37–1.14), 0.14 |
| Relative risk (95% CI), P value | 3.71 (1.95–7.07), <0.01 | 2.34 (0.93–5.90), 0.07 | |
| All HIV-tested household contacts | 36/793 (4.5) | 42/861 (4.9) | 0.93 (0.60–1.43), 0.74 |
| All household contacts§ | 37/915 (4.0) | 44/1,018 (4.3) | 0.94 (0.61–1.43), 0.76 |
| |
|||
|
Incident Tuberculosis Disease† (% Incidence) |
|||
| HIV serostatus of contact | |||
| HIV seropositive | 11/137 (8.0) | 5/42 (11.9) | 0.67 (0.25–1.79), 0.43 |
| HIV seronegative | 5/620 (0.8) | 13/777 (1.7) | 0.48 (0.17–1.33), 0.16 |
| Relative risk (95% CI), P value | 9.96 (3.55–27.89), <0.01 | 7.12 (2.73–18.55), <0.01 | |
| All HIV-tested household contacts | 16/757 (2.1) | 18/819 (2.2) | 0.96 (0.50–1.86), 0.91 |
| All household contacts§ | 16/878 (1.8) | 18/974 (1.9) | 0.99 (0.51–1.90), 0.97 |
Definition of abbreviation: CI = confidence interval.
All models use a modified Poisson regression with robust error variance allowing for estimation of relative risks and adjustment for household clustering of contacts. All proportions are individuals with a positive laboratory result stratified by the type of HIV serostatus of the index case and the contact.
Coprevalent tuberculosis disease was defined as the identification of tuberculosis disease at or within 3 months of the baseline household visit. Incident tuberculosis disease was defined as diagnosis of tuberculosis disease at subsequent household follow-up visits, conducted at 6-month intervals for 2 years. Individuals with coprevalent disease were excluded from analyses of incident disease.
The referent category for each relative risk in this column is the household contacts of HIV-seronegative tuberculosis cases.
Numbers may not add up to column totals of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative groups because some contacts did not take an HIV test and therefore are missing. All household contacts regardless of HIV serostatus or having taken an HIV test are included in this row.