Fig. 3.

Pacing-induced changes in LV dimensions and biomarkers in the heart rate finding study. LV dimensions and plasma biomarkers were assessed 3 wk after the initial surgery. Thereafter, right atrial pacing was started at a rate of 150/min. After 2 wk, pacing was stopped to obtain all measurements before atrial pacing was restarted at a rate of 125/min. After 2 wk, pacing was stopped to assess LV dimensions, and a final assessment was carried out after 2 wk of sinus rhythm. Error bars represent SE. Biomarker [B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and norepinephrine (NE)] results are presented as box-and-whisker plots. EDV, end-diastolic volume; ESV, end-systolic volume; EF, ejection fraction.