Table 2.

Task description for individual measures of speech/language clinical assessment in children with CAS.

Task	Description
Parental report on case history	Family history, child's pre-, peri- and post-natal clinically significant events, early vocal behaviour, language milestones acquisition (modified version of the questionnaire reported by Chilosi et al., 2009).
Phonetic inventory	Repetition of 21 syllables containing all the Italian consonantal sounds
Oromotor skills	Assessment of isolated and sequenced volitional verbal and nonverbal oral movements (Bearzotti and Fabbro, 2003)
Accuracy	Picture naming test (Bello et al., 2010) and repetition of six three-syllable non-words (/tapaka/, /pataka/, /takapa/, /kapata/, /pakata/ and /katapa/). Scoring based on percentage of erroneous productions in both tasks (only errors of pronunciation)
Consistency	Picture naming test (Bello et al., 2010) and repetition of six three-syllable non-words (/tapaka/, /pataka/, /takapa/, /kapata/, /pakata/ and /katapa/). Scoring based on the percentage of variable phonetic errors in two repeated productions of the same word or non-word stimuli.
Diadochokinesis	Maximum performance rate: fast repetition for 20 s of the trisyllabic non-word sequence /pataka/
Expressive grammar	Analysis of the level of grammatical organization of spontaneous speech according to a six-level rating system, based on stages of grammar acquisition in Italian-speaking children (Cipriani et al., 1993, Chilosi et al., 2013)
Receptive vocabulary	Phono Lexical Test-TFL (Vicari, 2007), PPVT-III (Dunn and Dunn, 1997), depending on the child's age and on the severity of the disorder
Expressive vocabulary	Phono Lexical Test-TFL (Vicari, 2007) and/or One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test (Brizzolara, 1989), depending on the child's age and on the severity of the disorder