Figure 5.

(A) Traditional antibody production method. The generalized outline shows the first step in inoculating an animal to form an immune response, all the way to the final stage of using the antibody in an assay. This entire process typically takes 2–3 months. (B) Production of nanoyeast–scFv is a simple process once scFvs are displayed on a yeast library. Yeast–scFv can be kept lyophilized a room temperature for up to a year. Once needed they can be simply fragmented using a mortar and pestle, resuspended, and filtered by size using a syringe filter. Nanoyeast–scFv can then be used directly in an immunoassay. This process from the yeast display library to nanoyeast–scFv production takes 2–3 weeks and just minutes from FACS selected yeast–scFv to nanoyeast–scFv. This recombinant production eliminates some of the steps required for generating antibodies.