Table 3.
Identification of clinical and microbiological characteristics associated with crude 28-day mortality
| Variable | Total (n = 114) n(%) | Death (n = 26) n(%) | Survivors (n = 88) n(%) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95% CI) | p-value | OR(95% CI) | p-value | ||||
| General variables | |||||||
| Male sex | 74(64.9) | 20(76.9) | 54(61.4) | 2.10(0.8–5.8) | 0.144 | ||
| Age,years, mean ± SD | 56.37 ± 16.36 | 55.54 ± 16.10 | 56.61 ± 16.52 | NA | 0.770 | ||
| Poly-microbial BSI | 11(9.6) | 3(11.5) | 8(9.1) | 1.30(0.3–5.3) | 0.711 | ||
| Nosocomial infection | 98(86.0) | 23(88.5) | 75(85.2) | 1.33(0.3–5.1) | 1 | ||
| ICU acquired infection | 26(22.8) | 10(38.5) | 16(18.2) | 2.81(1.1–7.3) | 0.03 | - | - |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 30(26.3) | 4(15.4) | 26(29.5) | 0.43(0.1–1.4) | 0.150 | ||
| Chronic renal failure | 8(7.0) | 1(3.8) | 7(8.0) | 0.463(0.05–3.9) | 0.680 | ||
| Chronic liver disease | 20(17.5) | 9(34.6) | 11(12.5) | 3.71(1.3–10.3) | 0.017 | ||
| Liver cirrhosis | 11(9.6) | 5(19.2) | 6(6.8) | 3.25(0.9–11.7) | 0.122 | ||
| Biliary tract disease | 35(30.7) | 8(30.8) | 27(30.7) | 1.00(0.4–2.6) | 1 | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 9(7.9) | 5(19.2) | 4(4.5) | 5.00(1.2–20.2) | 0.028 | ||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3(2.6) | 0(0) | 3(3.4) | NA | 1 | ||
| Malignancy | 59(51.8) | 11(42.3) | 48(54.5) | 0.61(0.3–1.5) | 0.273 | ||
| Immunosuppression | 26(22.8) | 6(23.1) | 20(22.7) | 1.02(0.4–2.9) | 0.97 | ||
| Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR) | 3(2–6) | 3(2–6.75) | 3(1.25–6) | NA | 0.576 | ||
| Probable source of infection | |||||||
| Lung | 16(14.0) | 9(34.6) | 7(8.0) | 6.13(2.0–18.7) | 0.002 | 4.23(1.0–17.3) | 0.045 |
| Intra-abdominal | 48(42.1) | 9(34.6) | 39(44.3) | 0.67(0.3–1.7) | 0.379 | ||
| Skin and soft tissue | 12(10.5) | 4(15.4) | 8(9.1) | 1.82(0.5–6.6) | 0.465 | ||
| Catheter-related | 10(8.8) | 2(7.7) | 8(9.1) | 0.83(0.2–4.2) | 1 | ||
| Hospital events prior to onset of BSI | |||||||
| Exposure to antimicrobial therapy a | 74(64.9) | 20(76.9) | 54(61.4) | 2.10(0.8–5.8) | 0.144 | ||
| Surgery a | 62(54.4) | 15(57.7) | 47(53.4) | 1.19(0.5–2.9) | 0.700 | ||
| Events on the onset of BSI | |||||||
| Acute kidney injury | 16(14.0) | 12(46.2) | 4(4.5) | 18.00(5.1–63.8) | <0.001 | ||
| Use of renal replacement therapy | 8(7.0) | 5(19.2) | 3(3.4) | 6.75(1.5–30.5) | 0.015 | ||
| Septic shock | 28(24.6) | 16(61.5) | 12(13.6) | 10.13(3.7–27.5) | <0.001 | ||
| Use of mechanical ventilation | 24(21.1) | 15(57.7) | 9(10.2) | 11.97(4.2–33.9) | <0.001 | ||
| Removal of the infectious source | 33(28.9) | 6(23.1) | 27(30.7) | 0.68(0.2–1.9) | 0.453 | ||
| SOFA score, median (IQR) | 3(1–6) | 9(4–13.5) | 2(1–4) | NA | <0.001 | 1.40(1.2–1.6) | <0.001 |
| Pitt bacteraemia score, median (IQR) | 1(1–2.25) | 5(2–7) | 1(1–2) | NA | <0.001 | - | - |
| CRKP | 33(28.9) | 11(42.3) | 22(25.0) | 2.20(0.9–5.5) | 0.087 | ||
| Appropriate empirical therapy | 78(68.4) | 14(53.8) | 64(72.7) | 0.44(0.2–1.1) | 0.069 | ||
ain the past 30 days prior to onset of BSI
SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, ICU intensive care unit, BSI bloodstream infection, CRKP carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, CSKP carbapenem-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae, LOS length of stay, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, PBS Pitt bacteraemia score, SOFA score sequential organ failure assessment score