Table 3.
Comparisons of seven scale scores between undergraduates with and without PSU
| Scale | Non-PSU: ±SD | PSU: ±SD | Non-PSU: median (Q25; 75) | PSU: median (Q25; 75) | Test value: Z | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CFMPS | 79.11 ± 14.03 | 85.20 ± 15.27 | 79 (69; 89) | 83 (77; 97) | −5.33 | <0.001 |
| CFMPS-CM | 11.66 ± 4.82 | 14.47 ± 5.21 | 11 (8; 15) | 14 (10; 18) | −7.46 | <0.001 |
| CFMPS-DA | 11.77 ± 3.56 | 13.97 ± 3.31 | 12 (9; 14) | 14 (12; 16) | −8.07 | <0.001 |
| CFMPS-PS | 17.39 ± 4.98 | 17.95 ± 5.02 | 17.50 (14; 21) | 18 (15; 22) | −1.41 | 0.160 |
| CFMPS-OR | 24.35 ± 4.30 | 23.18 ± 4.67 | 25 (22; 28) | 23 (20; 27) | −3.50 | <0.001 |
| CFMPS-PE | 13.94 ± 4.61 | 15.62 ± 4.53 | 14 (11; 17.75) | 16 (13; 19) | −4.73 | <0.001 |
| SDS | 35.03 ± 7.68 | 39.38 ± 8.32 | 34 (29; 40) | 40 (34; 46) | −7.15 | <0.001 |
| SAS | 33.34 ± 6.61 | 37.69 ± 8.76 | 32 (29; 37) | 37 (30.75; 44) | −6.67 | <0.001 |
| PSS-10 | 23.62 ± 5.63 | 27.36 ± 5.48 | 24 (20; 27) | 28 (25; 30) | −6.78 | <0.001 |
PSU problematic smartphone use, CFMPS Chinese Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale; CFMPS-CM CFMPS-Concern over Mistakes subscale, CFMPS-DA CFMPS-Doubts about Actions subscale, CFMPS-PS CFMPS-Personal Standards subscale, CFMPS-OR CFMPS-Organization subscale, CFMPS-PE CFMPS-Parental Expectations subscale, SDS Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, SAS Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, PSS-10 Perceived Stress Scale-10 item