Table 1.
Age standardized characteristics of study population (n=15 632) from Nurses’ Health Study II in 1991, according to categories of total potato consumption before pregnancy. Figures are numbers (age standardized percentage*) unless stated otherwise. All comparisons were significant across categories except family history of diabetes
| Characteristics | Consumption (servings/week) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 | 1 | 2-4 | ≥5 | |
| No of participants | 3206 | 4068 | 6832 | 1526 |
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 32.3 (3.4) | 32.1 (3.3) | 31.9 (3.2) | 31.6 (3.2) |
| White | 2891 (90.3) | 3808 (93.6) | 6433 (94.2) | 1425 (93.3) |
| Family history of diabetes | 352 (10.8) | 431 (10.6) | 764 (11.2) | 197 (13.1) |
| Nulliparous | 1394 (43.8) | 1468 (36.2) | 2164 (31.6) | 449 (28.9) |
| Current smoking | 232 (7.2) | 345 (8.5) | 638 (9.4) | 174 (11.4) |
| Alcohol (g/d) | 2.9 (5.0) | 3.2 (5.4) | 3.0 (5.2) | 2.7 (4.8) |
| BMI | 22.9 (4.0) | 23.2 (4.0) | 23.7 (4.6) | 24.2 (4.8) |
| Physical activity (metabolic equivalent-h/week) | 25.5 (31.4) | 24.7 (31.0) | 22.0 (27.1) | 22.0 (29.6) |
| Total calories (kJ/d) | 6453.8 (2048.9) | 7176.4 (2038.9) | 8106.9 (2188.2) | 9559.6 (2248.5) |
| Carbohydrate (%E) | 51.2 (7.7) | 50.7 (7.1) | 50.3 (7.0) | 50.3 (7.3) |
| Protein (%E) | 19.6 (3.6) | 19.5 (3.4) | 19.1 (3.1) | 18.6 (3.1) |
| Total fat (%E) | 29.9 (5.6) | 30.4 (5.3) | 31.4 (5.3) | 32.3 (5.7) |
| Saturated fat (%E) | 10.9 (2.6) | 11.0 (2.4) | 11.3 (2.3) | 11.5 (2.4) |
| Monounsaturated fat (%E) | 11.1 (2.3) | 11.4 (2.2) | 11.9 (2.3) | 12.5 (2.5) |
| Polyunsaturated fat (%E) | 5.4 (1.5) | 5.4 (1.3) | 5.5 (1.2) | 5.5 (1.2) |
| Trans fat (%E) | 1.4 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.5) | 1.7 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.7) |
| Cholesterol (mg/d†) | 232.9 (68.8) | 236.3 (64.3) | 240.4 (61.0) | 238.5 (66.0) |
| Glycemic index†) | 53.1 (3.7) | 53.4 (3.2) | 54.4 (2.9) | 55.6 (2.7) |
| Glycemic load†) | 124.4 (22.9) | 123.0 (20.5) | 123.0 (19.8) | 124.1 (20.2) |
| Total fiber (g/d†) | 18.1 (6.0) | 18.2 (5.6) | 17.9 (5.1) | 18.2 (5.2) |
| Magnesium (mg/d†) | 335.4 (78.9) | 328.7 (74.3) | 311.0 (69.3) | 292.6 (65.9) |
| Heme iron (mg/d†) | 1.0 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.4) |
| Potassium (mg/d†) | 2880.1 (527.7) | 2887.1 (510.4) | 2879.2 (491.8) | 2900.6 (514.3) |
| Calcium (mg/d†) | 1161.4 (487.3) | 1118.3 (426.5) | 1036.1 (390.2) | 940.0 (351.4) |
| Vitamin C (mg/d†) | 290.4 (334.6) | 252.0 (272.9) | 232.0 (245.1) | 204.0 (198.5) |
| Vitamin E (mg/d†) | 24.4 (54.7) | 20.8 (46.3) | 19.5 (40.4) | 16.2 (29.6) |
| Red meat (servings/d) | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.5) | 1.2 (0.7) |
| Poultry (servings/d) | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.3) |
| Fish (servings/d) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.2) |
| Eggs (servings/d) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.2) |
| Low fat dairy (servings/d) | 1.4 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.3) |
| High fat dairy (servings/d) | 0.9 (0.9) | 0.9 (0.9) | 1.0 (0.9) | 1.1 (0.9) |
| Nuts (servings/d) | 0.2 (0.3) | 0.2 (0.4) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.3 (0.4) |
| Legumes (servings/d) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.4) |
| Vegetables (servings/d) | 2.7 (2.2) | 3.0 (1.9) | 3.3 (2.0) | 3.6 (2.3) |
| Fruits (servings/d) | 1.1 (0.9) | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.2 (1.1) |
| Whole grain foods (servings/d) | 1.3 (1.2) | 1.4 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.6 (1.3) |
| SSBs (servings/d) | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.6 (0.9) | 0.8 (1.1) |
| AHEI score | 52.1 (10.5) | 50.5 (10.3) | 46.4 (10.4) | 42.0 (10.9) |
%E=% of energy; AHEI=alternate healthy eating index; BMI=body mass index; MET=metabolic equivalent; SSB=sugar sweetened beverage.
*Age standardized percentages might not be equal to percentages directly calculated by numerator and denominator in each category of potato consumption.
†Energy adjusted.