Table 1.

Prohibited cardiovascular agents. Chronic administration of these agents before study entry was an exclusion criterion. Initiation of any of these agents during the study was considered an event in the time‐to‐first‐event analysis. Initiation of chronic treatment resulted in a dog being censored from the per‐protocol population

ACE Inhibitors	Enalapril, benazepril, captopril, fosinopril, imidapril, lisinopril, ramipril
Angiotensin II receptor blockers	Candesartan, telmisartan
Antiarrhythmic drugs	Lidocaine, bretylium, flecainide, mexiletine, procainamide, phenytoin, propafenone, quinidine, tocainide, beta‐blockers [for list see below], amiodarone, sotalol, Ca++channel blockers [diltiazem, verapamil], digoxin, digitoxin
Anticholinergics	Atropine, glycopyrrolate, propantheline
Beta‐blockers	Atenolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol, esmolol, metoprolol, nadolol, propranolol
Diuretics	Furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, thiazides, chlorothiazide, torasemide (torsemide), spironolactone, eplerenone
Inodilators	Pimobendan, levosimendan, milrinone
Phosphodiesterase V inhibitors	Sildenafil, tadalafil
Positive inotropes	Pimobendan, levosimendan, milrinone, isoproterenol, dobutamine, dopamine, digoxin, digitoxin
Pressor agents	Epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine
Vasodilators (including nitric oxide donors)	Amlodipine, hydralazine, prazosin, nitroglycerin (even topical), isosorbide di‐/mononitrate, other nitrates, nitric oxide, sodium nitroprusside, L‐arginine
Other	Iloprost, epoprostenol, bosentan, known cardiac toxins, for example, doxorubicin