Table I.

Most commonly reported teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs.

Antiepileptic drug	Major congenital malformations
Phenytoin	Fetal hydantoin syndrome, congenital heart disease, facial clefts
Valproate	Neural tube defects, craniofacial, skeletal, cardiovascular, cerebral defects. Language problems
Carbamazepine	Neural tube defects, congenital heart defects, reduced growth, and hypospadias
Barbiturates	Congenital heart defects, craniofacial defects, limb abnormalities, growth deficiency
Benzodiazepines	Orofacial clefts
Lamotrigine	Weak evidence of non-syndromic facial cleft