Skip to main content
. 2015 Jun 25;2(10):1500026. doi: 10.1002/advs.201500026

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Cytochemical analysis of the bone differentiation process of BMSCs on PDL and viruses coated substrates at 4 and 7 d after osteogenic induction. A) Alkaline phosphatase activity of cells cultured on different substrates. The data are expressed as mean ± s.d. (n = 3, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ****p ≤ 0.0001 based on ANOVA). B) Alizarin red staining of each sample at day 7. Cells on virus substrates are positively stained for calcium deposition, whereas negatively stained is observed on PDL substrates. The data are expressed as mean ± s.d. (n = 3, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001 based on ANOVA). C) Absorbance at 548 nm normalized to cell number to indicate a relative amount calcium deposit at day 7 stained by alizarin red solution. The mineralization of cells on TMV substrates doubles that of PDL, while PVX and TYMV substrates increase the mineralization by fourfold. TVCV substrates slightly increase the mineralization of cells compare to PDL control substrates. These evidences suggest an improvement in osteogenesis by virus coated substrates.