Table 2.

Comparative analysis of existing techniques with fabricated biosensor for oral cancer detection (LDR = linear detection limit, SL = shelf life, S = Sensitivity)

Method	Detection technique	Invasive/noninvasive	Label	Sample	Biomarker	Concentration range of biomarker	Detection limit/detection range	Response time	Ref.
Cytopathology	Staining	Invasive	–	Cells	–	–	–	1 week	5
Biopsy	Cell culture	Invasive	–	Tissue	–	–	–	2–3 weeks	4
Visualization adjuncts	Staining	Invasive	–	Tissue	–	–	–	1 week	4
	Surface plasmon resonance	Noninvasive	Yes	Saliva	IL‐8 (protein)	29.8–85.9 × 10−12 m	S:– LDR: 1–195 × 10−12 m SL:–	13 min	15
	Amperometric	Invasive	Yes	Serum	IL‐6 (protein)	≤6 pg mL−1 to ≥20 pg mL−1	S: 19.3 nA mL (pg IL‐6)−1 cm−2 LDR: 0.5–30 pg mL−1 SL:–	–	16
Biosensor	Differential pulse voltametry	Invasive	Yes	Serum	IL‐6 (protein)	<6 pg mL−1 to >20 pg mL−1	S:– LDR: 0.002–20 ng mL−1 SL: 1 month	–	17
	Chrono‐amperometry	Noninvasive	Yes	Saliva	has‐miR‐200a (mi‐RNA)	–	S:– LDR: 1 am to 10 f m SL:–	–	14
	Cyclic voltametry	Noninvasive	No	Saliva	CYFRA‐21‐1 (protein)	0–18 ng mL−1	S: 2.2 mA mL ng−1 LDR: 2–16 ng mL−1 SL: 6 weeks	20 min	Present work