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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 18.
Published in final edited form as: Read Res Q. 2011 Jul 8;46(3):189–221.

Table 1.

Examples of Instructional Strategies Defined by Content and Management of Instruction

Dimension Teacher/student-managed strategy Student-managed strategy
Code-focused The teacher works with a small group of students
on an activity designed to help decode and spell
multisyllabic words by using similar root words
with different prefixes and suffixes (morphological
awareness)		 Students work in small peer groups to practice
spelling and decoding multisyllabic words (word
encoding)
Meaning-
focused		 The teacher, working with a small group of
students, asks them to make inferences between two
or more stories read in class in order to make
connections and build background knowledge
(listening and reading comprehension)		 Students work on a multiple-meaning vocabulary
worksheet with the following words: bark, story,
and track (print vocabulary). Other students
engage in writing a summary of a story that they
have recently read (writing).