Table 1. Characteristics of Included Studies Comparing Different treatments for displaced proximal humeral fracture.
| Study | Country | Interventions | Sample size (mean age: y) | Follow-up (month) | Study design | For analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietrich 2008 | Germany | ORIF vs HA | 52(82)/59(80) | 12 | RC | Constant score; Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Bastian 2009 | Switzerland | ORIF vs HA | 44(60)/33(60) | 60 | PC | Constant score; Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Solberg 2009 | USA | ORIF vs HA | 38(66.5)/48(67.4) | 36 | RC | Constant score; Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Wang 2009 | China | ORIF vs HA | 12(49)/10(49) | 20 | RC | Constant score; Total complications |
| Zhang 2010 | China | ORIF vs HA | 28(66.5)/30(68.9) | 28 | RC | Constant score; Total complications |
| Kim 2011 | Korea | ORIF vs HA | 38(64.9)/26(64.9) | 24 | RC | Constant score; Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Wild 2011 | USA | ORIF vs HA | 42(56.9)/15(66.4) | 35 | RC | Constant score; Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Spross 2011 | Switzerland | ORIF vs HA | 22(75)/22(76) | 30 | RC | Constant score; Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Cai 2012 | China | ORIF vs HA | 13(72)/19(72) | 24 | RCT | Constant score |
| Lu 2012 | China | ORIF vs HA | 26(67)/22(67) | 6 | RC | Constant score; Total complications |
| Gallinet 2009 | France | HA vs RSA | 17(74)/16(74) | 14.5 | RC | Constant score; Total complications |
| Young 2010 | New Zealand | HA vs RSA | 10(75.5)/10(77.2) | 33 | RC | Total complications |
| Garrigues 2012 | USA | HA vs RSA | 9(69.3)/10(80.5) | 43.2 | RC | Total complications |
| Boyle 2013 | New Zealand | HA vs RSA | 313(71.9)/55(79.6) | 12 | RC | Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Cuff 2013 | USA | HA vs RSA | 23(74.4)/24(74.4) | 24 | PC | Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Fu 2013 | China | HA vs RSA | 12(69.5)/11(81.2) | 43.2 | RC | Total complications |
| Baudi 2014 | Italy | HA vs RSA | 28(71.4)/25(77.3) | 27.5 | RC | Constant score; Total complications |
| Chalmers 2014 | USA | HA vs RSA | 9(72)/9(77) | 12 | RC | Total complications |
| Sebastia-Forcada 2014 | Spain | HA vs RSA | 30(73.3)/31(74.7) | 28.5 | RCT | Constant score; Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Gradl 2009 | Germany | ORIF vs IN | 76(63)/76(62) | 12 | PC | Constant score; Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Matziolis 2010 | Germany | ORIF vs IN | 11(54.8)/11(55.6) | 36 | RC | Constant score; Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Smejkal 2011 | Chech | ORIF vs IN | 28(61)/27(61) | 2–18 | RCT | Constant score; Total complications |
| Trepat 2011 | Spain | ORIF vs IN | 14(68.3)/15(64.5) | 6–12 | RC | Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Zhu 2011 | China | ORIF vs IN | 26(50.5)/25(54.8) | 12–36 | RCT | Constant score; Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Lekic 2012 | USA | ORIF vs IN | 12(59)/11(60) | 3–46 | RC | Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Konrad 2012 | Switzerland | ORIF vs IN | 153(65.4)/58(64.8) | 3–12 | PC | Constant score; Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Von 2014 | Germany | ORIF vs IN | 28(61)/44(61) | 38–82 | RC | Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Zyto 1997 | Sweden | ORIF vs NOT | 20(73)/20(75) | 36–60 | RCT | Constant score; Total complications |
| Olerud 2011a | Sweden | ORIF vs NOT | 30(74)/30(74) | 24 | RCT | Constant score; Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Kollig 2003 | Germany | ORIF vs NOT | 13(52.5)/ 9(52.7) | 74–82 | PC | Constant score |
| Fjalestad 2014 | Norway | ORIF vs NOT | 25(72.2)/25(73.1) | 24 | RCT | Constant score; Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Stableforth 1984 | England | HA vs NOT | 16(65.6)/16(70.1) | 6–48 | RCT | Total complications |
| Olerud 2011b | Sweden | HA vs NOT | 27(75.8)/28(77.5) | 24 | RCT | Constant score; Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
| Boons 2012 | Netherlands | HA vs NOT | 25(76.4)/25(79.9) | 24 | RCT | Constant score; Total complications; Incidence of additional surgeries |
ORIF: open reduction and internal fixation; HA: hemiarthroplasty; RSA: reverse shoulder arthroplasty; IN: intramedullary nailing; NOT: Non-operative treatment; RC: Retrospective comparative; PC: Prospective comparative; RCT: Randomised controlled trial; y: years.