Table 2.

Regression of Metabolic Markers of Cardiovascular Risk on Birth Weight, The Bogalusa Heart Study, 1973–2001

Outcome and predictors	Coefficient (b)	95% confidence interval
HOMA-IR (n=1313)
Birth weight (Kg)	−2.3	−3.9, −0.7^b
Age (years)	−0.5	−0.6, −0.4^b
BMI (kg/m²)	2.6	2.4, 2.8^b
Gender
Men	−2.1	−3.8, −0.4^a
Women^d
Parental history of CV disease^c
None	−5.1	−9.8, −0.5^a
Both parents^d
Smoking
Never/Ex	2.7	0.8, 4.6^b
Current^†
Income
<$45,000/year	2.5	0.7, 4.2^b
≥$45,000/year^d
Triglycerides (n=1402)
Birth weight (kg)	−8.7	−12.4, −4.9^b
Age (years)	1.1	0.8, 1.3^b
BMI (kg/m²)	3.8	3.3, 4.3^b
Gender
Men	4.4	0.5, 8.4^a
Women^d
Race
Caucasian	18.8	15.0, 22.7^b
African American^d
Smoking
Never/Ex	−8.2	−12.4, −4.1^b
Current^†
Total cholesterol (n=1915)
Birth Weight (kg)	−5.4	−9.1, −1.8^b
Age (years)	1.0	0.8, 1.1^b
BMI (kg/m²)	1.7	1.5, 2.0^b
Race
Caucasian	6.9	3.2, 10.6^a
African American^d
LDL-cholesterol (n=1346)
Birth weight (kg)	−4.6	−8.2, −0.9^a
Age (years)	0.3	0.2, 0.5^b
BMI (kg/m²)	1.7	1.4, 1.9^b
Gender
Men	4.3	1.0, 7.6^a
Women^d
Race
Caucasian	11.1	7.5, 14.8^b
African American^d
Parental history of CV disease^c
None	−3.2	−9.0, 2.7^a
Both parents^d
HDL-cholesterol (n=1769)
Birth weight (kg)	0.2	−0.8, 1.3
Age (years)	−0.1	−0.2, −0.0^a
BMI (kg/m²)	−0.5	−0.6, −0.4^b
Gender
Men	−7.6	−8.6, −6.7^b
Women^d
Race
Caucasian	−6.5	−7.9, −5.2^b
African American^d
Smoking
Never/ex	2.7	1.7, 3.7^b
Current^d
Drinking
None <1 drink/week	−10.6	−13.9, −7.2^b
2–4 drinks/week	−6.3	−10.0, −2.5^b
>4 drinks/week^d

BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; HDL-cholesterol = High density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance; LDL-cholesterol = Low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

p<0.05,

p<0.01,

= p-value is for the trend,

= reference category.

Models are adjusted for age, BMI, gender, race, income, smoking status, alcohol drinking and parental history of CV disease. The differences in the actual numbers included in each model are due to missing values on covariates