Table 2.
Equivalence of CPC Preschool Program and Comparison Groups on Pre-Program Attributes
| Child/Family Characteristics b | Age-27 Follow-up Sample a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Program Group (n=950) |
Comparison Group (n=523) |
Crime Sample p-value |
Original Sample p-value |
|
| Sample recovery, % | 96.1 | 95.1 | na | na |
| African American, % | 93.1 | 93.1 | .96 | .59 |
| Female participant, % | 52.1 | 47.0 | .06 | .11 |
| ≥ 60% of families in poverty in school attendance area, % c |
77.8 | 73.4 | .06 | .04 |
| Child welfare case histories by age 4, % | 3.2 | 5.2 | .07 | .08 |
| Mother under age 18 at child birth, % c | 15.9 | 17.8 | .35 | .29 |
| Mother did not complete high school, % c | 50.7 | 59.7 | .001 | .001 |
| Single parent family status, % c | 77.1 | 75.7 | .56 | .59 |
| Mother not employed, % c | 67.3 | 63.5 | .14 | .11 |
| Eligible for subsidized school lunch, % c, d | 84.2 | 82.6 | .42 | .39 |
| Participate in AFDC/TANF program, % c | 63.1 | 61.2 | .48 | .59 |
| Four or more children in family, % c | 16.1 | 18.4 | .29 | .27 |
| Undesirable early home environment, % e | 55.7 | 52.8 | .28 | .27 |
| Missing on 1 or more early risk indicators, % | 12.6 | 16.3 | .05 | .03 |
| Risk index (0 to 8), mean (SD) | 4.33 (1.71) | 4.28 (1.76) | .56 | .39 |
a
The age-27 follow-up sample had verified arrest records through age 26. P-values show the significance of mean (or percentage) group differences for the adult crime and the original samples.
b
Data on child and family characteristics from birth to age 3 were collected from multiple administrative records and parent surveys. Data on AFDC/TANF and subsidized meals were collected up to age 8.
c
Variable included in the risk index.
d
Eligibility defined at <130% of the federal poverty level.
e
Defined as frequent family conflict, child welfare history, or parental substance abuse from age 0 to 5.