Table 5.

Factors Predicting Age of First Substance Use

	All					Males
	Hazard Ratio	Std. Err.	z	P>z		Hazard Ratio	Std. Err.	z	P>z
Female	1.132	0.140	1.010	0.314
Black	0.735	0.104	−2.170	0.030	*	0.732	0.121	−1.880	0.060
CPC preschool participation (ages 3-4)	0.867	0.086	−1.450	0.148		0.891	0.101	−1.020	0.309
Child protection services (ages 4-9)	1.394	0.167	2.780	0.005	**	1.407	0.204	2.360	0.018	*
Family conflict (ages 5-10)	1.203	0.169	1.310	0.189		1.353	0.226	1.810	0.070
School mobility (ages 6-9)	1.044	0.056	0.800	0.426		0.998	0.061	−0.020	0.980
CPC school-age participation (ages 6-9)	1.027	0.099	0.280	0.781		1.038	0.120	0.320	0.747
Social maturity (ages 7-9)	1.005	0.011	0.440	0.662		1.005	0.013	0.420	0.675
Family risk (age 8)	1.055	0.029	1.960	0.050	*	1.067	0.035	2.000	0.046	*
Parent expectations (ages 8-10)	1.034	0.062	0.550	0.579		0.932	0.065	−1.010	0.314
Intrinsic motivation (ages 9-10)	1.056	0.058	1.000	0.315		1.060	0.066	0.940	0.349
No trouble-making behavior (ages 9-12)	1.023	0.029	0.820	0.413		1.027	0.031	0.890	0.375
Reading achievement (age 10)	0.999	0.004	−0.240	0.814		1.000	0.004	−0.110	0.914
School mobility (ages 10-14)	1.315	0.096	3.750	0.000	***	1.257	0.109	2.650	0.008	**
School quality (ages 10-14)	0.820	0.125	−1.300	0.195		0.771	0.139	−1.440	0.150
Parent substance abuse experience (ages 10-15)	0.981	0.145	−0.130	0.898		0.832	0.155	−0.990	0.324
Deviant peer affiliation (age 16)	1.098	0.095	1.080	0.279		1.095	0.109	0.910	0.362
Wald Chi-squared	41.64					32.71
Prob. > Chi-squared	0.00					0.0081

Note:

^***p<0.001

^**p<0.01

^*p<0.05.