Table 1.
Subject demographic data
| PD patients | Healthy controls | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 19 | N = 16 | p-value | |
| Age, y | 61.7 ± 7.8 | 61.3 ± 8.9 | 0.88 |
| Gender (M:F) | 11:8 | 9:8 | 0.65 |
| Handedness (L:R) | 2:17 | 2:14 | 0.86 |
| MoCA | 27.8 ± 1.5 | 28.2 ± 1.8 | 0.48 |
| Disease stages, H&Y | 2.18 ± 0.73 | - | - |
| Disease duration, y | 5.73 ± 3.45 | - | - |
| LEDD, mg | 546.8 ± 361.0 | - | - |
| # taking levodopa | 13 (68%) | - | - |
| # taking DA agonist | 15 (79%) | - | - |
| # taking MAO-B | 8 (42%) | - | - |
| # taking amantadine | 2 (11%) | - | - |
| Initial side affected (L:R) | 8:11 | - | - |
| MDS-UPDRS (Total) | |||
| Off | 52.4 ± 15.5 | - | - |
| On | 43.3 ± 15.9 | < 0.000 | |
| MDS-UPDRS I | 9.4 ± 4.5 | - | - |
| MDS-UPDRS II | 9.5 ± 6.9 | - | - |
| MDS-UPDRS III | |||
| Off (MRI) | 31.52 ± 9.8 | - | - |
| On (MRI) | 22.4 ± 9.2 | - | < 0.000 |
| MDS-UPDRS IV | 2.0 ± 2.2 | - | - |
| BDI | 8.2 ± 5.8 | - | - |
| NPI-Severity | 2.1 ± 2.1 | - | - |
Values shown as mean ± sd except where indicated. P values calculated using two-tailed t tests except for gender differences tested using chi-square test. Abbreviations: BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; DA = dopamine; H&Y = Hoehn & Yahr score; LEDD = Levodopa equivalent daily dose; MDS-UPDRS = Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; MAO-B = monoamine oxidase B inhibitor; MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment; NPI = Neuropsychiatric Inventory; PIGD = Postural Instability Gait Difficulty; TD = Tremor Dominant.