Table 2.
Univariate Cox proportional Hazard ratios for the prediction of heart failure.
| Variable | Heart Failure | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Age (per 10 years) | 2.08 | 1.81 – 2.38 | <0.001 |
| Men (%) | 1.63 | 1.26 – 2.12 | <0.001 |
| Race (%) | |||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Hispanic | 0.98 | 0.69 – 1.38 | 0.89 |
| African-American | 1.22 | 0.91 – 1.65 | 0.19 |
| Chinese | 0.49 | 0.28 – 0.86 | 0.01 |
| Smoking (%) | |||
| Never | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Former | 1.41 | 1.08 – 1.87 | 0.01 |
| Current | 1.42 | 0.97 – 2.09 | 0.07 |
| Family history of CHD (%) | 1.24 | 0.95 – 1.62 | 0.11 |
| Diabetes (%) | 3.76 | 2.82 – 50.2 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 3.57 | 2.66 – 4.72 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (per 10 mmHg) | 1.27 | 1.21 – 1.34 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (per 10mmHg) | 1.17 | 1.04 – 1.32 | 0.01 |
| BMI (per 10 kg/m2) | 1.60 | 1.30 – 1.96 | <0.001 |
| LDL (per 10 mg/dL) | 0.96 | 0.92 – 1.00 | 0.06 |
| HDL (per 10 mg/dL) | 0.88 | 0.80 – 0.97 | 0.009 |
| Triglycerides (per 10 mg/dL) | 1.01 | 0.99 – 1.02 | 0.06 |
| Anti-hypertensive therapy (%) | 2.82 | 2.18 – 3.67 | <0.001 |
| Lipid lowering therapy (%) | 1.33 | 0.97 – 1.83 | 0.08 |
| Coronary Artery Calcium Score | |||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 – 100 | 1.54 | 1.06 – 2.23 | 0.02 |
| >100 | 4.72 | 3.49 – 6.40 | <0.001 |
| LVA-BSA (per 100 mm2/m2) | 1.17 | 1.14 – 1.20 | <0.001 |
BMI= body mass index, BP= blood pressure, CHD: coronary heart disease, HDL= high density lipoprotein, LDL= low density lipoprotein, LVA-BSA.