Table 1.

Study population

		Deficient retro-aortic rim (<5mm)	Adequate retro-aortic rim (≥5mm)	p
n		653	911
Female sex % (n)		66% (427)	63% (573)	0.31
Age (years)		5 (IQR: 4–11)	7 (IQR: 4–15)	<0.001
Age by category % (n)
<30 days		0.3% (2)	0.1% (1)	<0.001
30 days to 1 year		2% (12)	1% (9)
1 year to 18 years		90% (585)	82% (744)
>18 years		8% (54)	17% (157)
Race
White		74% (483)	77% (701)	0.02
Black		15% (96)	10% (90)
Asian		5% (35)	7% (66)
Other/missing		6% (39)	6% (54)
Hispanic ethnicity		19% (33/620)	18% (45/866)	0.73
Insurance payer
Private		47% (304)	53% (480)	0.06
Public (Medicaid or Medicare)		35% (229)	31% (281)
Other		18% (120)	16% (150)
Indication for closure
Right ventricle dilation		95% (619)	92% (836)	0.08
Chronic lung disease		0.8% (5)	0.7% (6)
Failure to thrive		0.9% (6)	0.4 %(4)
Recurrent respiratory infections		0.3% (2)	0.3% (3)
Ventilator dependent		0.2% (1)	0% (0)
Cyanosis		0.6% (4)	1.2% (11)
Prevention of stroke		2.0% (13)	5.1% (46)
Migraine		0.3% (2)	0.4% (4)
Missing		0.2% (1)	0.1% (1)
ASD septal length (mm)		33.8±9.2	35.5±9.1	<0.001
ASD defect size (mm)		13.6±5.6	13.3±6.2	0.4
Ratio of Qp:Qs*		1.9±0.7	1.9±0.8	0.79
Trainee present		52% (336)	48% (435)	0.16
Anesthesiologist present		97% (635)	91% (885)	0.16
Balloon sizing				0.40
Stop-flow technique		15%(101)	11% (100)
Stretch technique		30% (199)	30% (274)
Not performed		53% (348)	58% (525)
Balloon size diameter (mm)
Stop-flow technique		16.1±5.7 (n=101)	16.2±5.9 (n=100)	0.89
Stretch technique		16.4±5.9 (n=199)	15.3±5.9 (n=274)	0.04
Device used				0.25
Amplatzer septal occluder		68% (447)	71% (651)
Helex septal occluder		22% (145)	21% (188)
Gore septal occluder		5% (33)	5% (48)
Other		4% (28)	3% (24)

^*87 missing in deficient retro-aortic rim group, 131 missing in the non-deficient rim group