Table 4.
Demographics and comorbidities
| Cohort with foot ulcers vs. cohort without, diabetics only | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No foot ulcer (N = 21,270) | Foot ulcer (N = 1643) | P value | |||
| N | % | N | % | ||
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 11,204 | 52.7 | 697 | 42.4 | <.001 |
| Male | 10,063 | 47.3 | 945 | 57.5 | |
| Race | <.001 | ||||
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 60 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.1 | |
| Asian | 851 | 4 | 12 | 0.7 | |
| Black or African American | 5390 | 25.3 | 530 | 32.3 | |
| Declined | 1562 | 7.3 | 63 | 3.8 | |
| Hispanic | 143 | 0.7 | 9 | 0.5 | |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 17 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Other | 3204 | 15.1 | 276 | 16.8 | |
| Unable to answer | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0.1 | |
| Unknown | 678 | 3.2 | 15 | 0.9 | |
| White | 9307 | 43.8 | 734 | 44.7 | |
| Smoking | 9098 | 45 | 829 | 51.5 | <.001 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 2176 | 6.9 | 635 | 35.8 | <.001 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 3461 | 11 | 735 | 41.4 | <.001 |
| Diabetic neuropathy | 2735 | 8.7 | 897 | 50.5 | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 16,992 | 79.9 | 1577 | 96 | <.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2281 | 10.7 | 813 | 49.5 | <.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 6149 | 28.9 | 1002 | 61 | <.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 4300 | 20.2 | 916 | 55.8 | <.001 |
| Age, year | 62 (15) | 66 (13) | <.001 | ||
| BMI | 31.8 (7.9) | 31.3 (8.9) | 0.002 | ||
| Mean number of HgA1c values drawn | 10 (8) | 11 (9) | <.001 | ||
| HgA1c, mean | 7.2 (1.4) | 7.7 (1.6) | <.001 | ||
Significance defined as P < .05. Continuous variables expressed as mean (standard deviation)