Table 3.
Comparative pre- and postintervention data (N = 23).
| Before intervention | After intervention | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | |
| Pain intensity | ||||
| Full group | 4.19 | 1.86 | 2.68 | 1.98 |
| mHealth | 4.53 | 2.12 | 3.32 | 1.89 |
| In person | 3.86 | 1.61 | 2.05 | 1.95 |
| Pain catastrophizing | ||||
| Full group | 1.89 | 1.13 | 1.01 | 0.96 |
| mHealth | 1.64 | 1.33 | 1.42 | 0.99 |
| In person | 2.13 | 0.91 | 0.60 | 0.77 |
| Pain self-efficacy | ||||
| Full group | 48.76 | 18.40 | 60.32 | 27.81 |
| mHealth | 46.00 | 20.51 | 51.45 | 25.78 |
| In person | 51.30 | 16.72 | 68.44 | 28.16 |
| Physical functioning | ||||
| Full group | 5.08 | 2.37 | 3.94 | 2.51 |
| mHealth | 4.10 | 2.78 | 4.75 | 2.37 |
| In person | 5.98 | 1.52 | 3.20 | 2.51 |
| Physical symptoms | ||||
| Full group | 3.85 | 1.72 | 2.78 | 2.13 |
| mHealth | 3.27 | 1.51 | 2.80 | 1.0 |
| In person | 4.34 | 1.64 | 2.76 | 2.93 |
| Distress | ||||
| Full group | 2.13 | 1.72 | 1.75 | 2.18 |
| mHealth | 1.70 | 1.26 | 1.23 | 1.21 |
| In person | 2.52 | 2.04 | 2.27 | 2.81 |
| Despair | ||||
| Full group | 1.24 | 1.48 | 0.95 | 1.71 |
| mHealth | 1.05 | 1.31 | 0.70 | 0.80 |
| In person | 1.43 | 1.66 | 1.21 | 2.32 |
Note. All comparisons were nonsignificant.