Table 3.
FDG-PET imaging results. Changes in glucose metabolism associated with decreased anhedonia levels. All p values are whole-brain cluster-corrected for multiple comparisons following an initial uncorrected threshold of p < .001. Where possible, up to three sub-peaks (regions without a corresponding cluster significance and extent) are given for each cluster. Only clusters with a minimum extent of 50 voxels are reported.
| Region | MNI coordinatea
|
Peak t(19)-value
|
Cluster pWBC
|
Extent | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X | Y | Z | ||||
| Ketamine baseline PET vs SHAPS % improvement | ||||||
| rCMRGlu increases | ||||||
| Lingual gyrus | 28 | −52 | −4 | 6.07 | .304 | 75 |
| Dorsal ACC | −14 | 34 | 32 | 5.78 | .445 | 62 |
| Hippocampus (subiculum) | 26 | −20 | −20 | 5.51 | .010 | 193 |
| Entorhinal cortex | 22 | −26 | −24 | 5.21 | ||
| Entorhinal cortex | 28 | −18 | −34 | 3.79 | ||
| Pregenual ACC | −2 | 46 | 2 | 5.26 | .374 | 68 |
| Middle frontal gyrus | 30 | 24 | 38 | 4.65 | .408 | |
| Calcarine gyrus | 22 | −76 | 4 | 4.58 | .286 | |
| Entorhinal cortex | −28 | −18 | −28 | 4.54 | .058 | 130 |
| Hippocampus (subiculum) | −20 | −10 | −30 | 4.05 | ||
| Superior frontal gyrus | 14 | 50 | 48 | 4.14 | .470 | 60 |
| Fusiform gyrus | −24 | −80 | 0 | 4.13 | .539 | 55 |
| rCMRGlu decreases | ||||||
| Orbitofrontal cortex | 28 | 46 | −24 | 5.18 | .010 | 193 |
| Orbitofrontal cortex | 36 | 52 | −18 | 4.39 | ||
| IFG (pars orbitalis) | 40 | 34 | −16 | 4.01 | ||
| Middle cingulate cortex | −8 | −18 | 34 | 5.09 | .323 | 73 |
| IFG (pars triangularis) | −44 | 44 | 6 | 4.83 | .045 | 139 |
| IFG (pars triangularis) | −48 | 46 | 14 | 4.79 | ||
| Cerebellum (lobule VIIa) | −52 | −52 | −36 | 4.67 | .323 | 73 |
| Medial temporal pole | 58 | 10 | −32 | 3.96 | .484 | 59 |
| Ketamine baseline PET vs SHAPS % improvement orthogonalized against % MADRS improvement | ||||||
| rCMRGlu increases | ||||||
| Calcarine gyrus | 22 | −76 | 6 | 4.97 | .397 | 66 |
| Fusiform gyrus | 26 | −32 | −22 | 4.91 | .091 | 115 |
| Hippocampus (subiculum) | 26 | −20 | −20 | 4.22 | ||
| Middle frontal gyrus | 28 | 20 | 38 | 4.90 | .333 | 72 |
| Entorhinal cortex | −26 | −10 | −36 | 4.73 | .067 | 125 |
| Hippocampus (subiculum) | −28 | −20 | −26 | 4.67 | ||
| Superior medial gyrus | 8 | 38 | 52 | 4.68 | .138 | 101 |
| rCMRGlu decreases | ||||||
| Orbitofrontal cortex | 28 | 46 | −24 | 5.14 | .032 | 151 |
| Orbitofrontal cortex | 34 | 44 | −14 | 4.25 | ||
| Inferior temporal gyrus | 56 | −50 | −26 | 4.67 | .584 | 52 |
FDG-PET: [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography; MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute; SHAPS: Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale; rCMRGlu: regional cerebral metabolic glucose metabolism; ACC: anterior cingulate cortex; IFG: inferior frontal gyrus; MADRS: Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; WBC: whole brain corrected.
MNI coordinates indicate the distance (in millimeters) from the stereotaxic origin (anterior commissure), with X representing the lateral distance from the origin (positive numbers to the right), Y representing the anterior–posterior dimension (positive numbers anterior) and Z representing the dorsal–ventral dimension (positive numbers dorsal).