Table 1.
Individual- and neighborhood-level characteristics across race, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health
| European American | African American | Hispanic American | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 4,996 | 1,725 | 1,270 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 16 (1.8) | 16 (1.9) | 17 (1.8) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 2,369 (47.4) | 771 (44.7) | 625 (49.2) |
| BMI1, mean (SD) | 23.0 (5.0) | 24.3 (5.8) | 24.0 (5.3) |
| BMI-for-age Z scores, mean (SD) | 0.31 (1.1) | 0.53 (1.1) | 0.48 (1.1) |
| MVPA ≥ 5 bouts per week2, n (%) | 3,177 (63.6) | 1,014 (58.8) | 741 (58.3) |
| Screen time, mean (SD), h/wk | 19.2 (16.9) | 27.7 (22.3) | 21.3 (17.8) |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 2,035 (40.7) | 320 (18.63) | 358 (28.2) |
| Geographic region, n (%) | |||
| West | 753 (15.1) | 244 (14.1) | 500 (39.4) |
| Midwest | 1,842 (36.9) | 330 (19.1) | 94 (7.4) |
| South | 1,642 (32.9) | 1,052 (61.0) | 492 (38.7) |
| Northeast | 760 (15.2) | 99 (5.7) | 184 (14.5) |
| PHYSICAL ACTIVITY RESOURCES3 | |||
| Counts of pay facilities, median4 (IQR) | 2.1 (0, 4.5) | 1.0 (0, 2.7) | 1.3 (0.6, 2.4) |
| Counts of public facilities, median (IQR) | 0 (0, 0.1) | 0.1 (0, 0.5) | 0.2 (0, 0.5) |
| Counts of parks, median (IQR) | 0 (0, 4.0) | 3.0 (0, 9) | 8.0 (6, 14) |
| NEIGHBOHROOD INFRASTRUCTURE | |||
| Green space (sq mile), median (IQR)5 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.01) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) |
| Alpha index, median (IQR) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) | 0.3 (0.3, 0.4) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) |
| Counts of cul de sacs, median (IQR)6 | 3.8 (1.6, 7.3) | 4.5 (2.2, 7.0) | 5.4 (2.9, 10.2) |
| NEIGHBOHROOD SOCIODEMOGRAPHICS | |||
| Percent population <100% FPL7 | 8.7 (4.6, 15.0) | 22.4 ( (10.6, 32.0) | 12.9 (7.0, 24.7) |
| Crime rate (%)8 | 4.4 (2.7, 5.9) | 6.3 (5.6, 8.3) | 6.2 (5.1, 7.7) |
Abbreviation: MVPA moderate to vigorous physical activity, BMI: Body Mass Index, FPL: federal poverty level
Unless otherwise indicated, data are presented as number (column percentage).
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
Define how MVPA: Weekly frequency (bouts) of leisure-time MVPA (skating and cycling, exercise, and active sports) were queried using a standard, interviewer-administered activity recall. To explicitly test estimated effects for obesity susceptibility SNPs relative to the recommendation for MVPA for adolescents at the time of study (i.e., ≥5 bouts of MVPA week per week; American Cancer Society 2001), MVPA was dichotomized to high (≥5) vs. low (<5) bouts per week using the Wave at which height and weight were measured.
Spatially and temporally linked to respondents residential locations
Counts of Dunn & Bradstreet activity resources from 1996 for Wave I and from 2001 for Wave III within Euclidean 3km buffer per 10 km local and secondary roadways.
U.S. Geological Service's 1992 National Land Cover Dataset from 1992 for Wave I and from 2001 for Wave III using Fragstats [version 3.3 build 5] to derive proportion of recreational or undeveloped land (greenspace).
StreetMap 2000 data for Wave I and from Streetmap Pro (July 2003, v.5.2) for Wave III from Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI, www.esri.com) in Redlands, CA
U.S. Census-tract level data from 1990 for Wave 1 and from 2000 for Wave III.
National Archive of Criminal Justice Data at the county-level from 1995 for Wave I and from 2001 from Wave III.
Defined as the rate per 100,000 population. Show in the table as a percentage.