Table 2.
Mean differences (95% CI) at baseline and mean differences (95% CI) in 5-year changes in survey-based neighborhood quality per standard deviation increase1 in tract characteristic.
| Domain | Tract-level characteristic |
MODEL 12 | MODEL 23 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Difference (95% CI)
at baseline |
Difference (95% CI) in
5- yr change4 |
Difference (95% CI) at baselin e |
Difference (95% CI) in 5-yr change4 |
||
|
Social
cohesion Mean (95% CI) at baseline: 3.55 (3.53, 3.57) Mean (95% CI) 5-year change: −0.01 (−0.02, 0.00) |
SES factor score | 0.08 (0.06,0.11) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) | 0.03 (0.00,0.06) | 0.03(0.01,0.05) |
| Percent Black | −0.06 (−0.08, −0.03) | −0.02 (−0.03, −0.01) | −0.06 (−0.09, −0.04) | −0.01 (−0.02,0.01) | |
| Percent Hispanic | −0.09 (−0.11, −0.06) | −0.01 (−0.03,0.00) | −0.08 (−0.11, −0.04) | 0.00 (−0.02,0.03) | |
|
Safety Mean (95% CI) at baseline: 3.64 (3.60, 3.69) Mean (95% CI) 5-year change: −0.01 (−0.03, 0.01) |
SES factor score |
0.24 (0.20,0.28) | 0.03 (0.01,0.05) | 0.07(0.01,0.12) | 0.00 (−0.03,0.03) |
| Percent Black | −0.23 (−0.27, −0.19) | −0.05 (−0.07, −0.02) | −0.26 (−0.30, −0.21) | −0.05 (−0.07, −0.02) | |
| Percent Hispanic | −0.28 (−0.33, −0.23) | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.03) |
−0.29 (−0.35, −0.23) | 0.00 (−0.04,0.03) | |
|
Healthy food
environment Mean (95% CI) at baseline: 3.30 (3.25, 3.34) Mean (95% CI) 5-year change: 0.19 (0.17, 0.21) |
SES factor score |
0.12 (0.08,0.17) | 0.06 (0.04,0.09) | 0.01
(− 0.05, 0.07) |
0.08(0.04,0.11) |
| Percent Black | −0.12 (−0.16, −0.07) | −0.05 (−0.07, −0.02) | −0.16 (−0.21, −0.10) | −0.02 (−0.05,0.01) | |
| Percent Hispanic | −0.15 (−0.2, −0.09) | −0.01
(−0.04, 0.02) |
−0.18 (−0.25, −0.10) | 0.04 (0.00,0.08) | |
|
Walking
environment Mean (95% CI) at baseline: 3.86 (3.83, 3.89) Mean (95% CI) 5-year change: 0.04 (0.03, 0.06) |
SES factor score |
0.18 (0.16,0.21) | 0.04 (0.02,0.05) | 0.14(0.10,0.18) | 0 0.01 (−0.01,0.04) |
| Percent Black | −0.11 (−0.14, −0.08) | −0.03 (−0.05, −0.02) | −0.09 (−0.12, −0.05) | −0.03 (−>0.05, −0.01) | |
| Percent Hispanic | −0.14 (−0.18, −0.11) | −0.02 (−0.04,0.00) | −0.06 (−0.11, −0.02) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.00) | |
One standard deviation is equivalent to 1.38 units on the factor scale for tract SES (where a higher scare represents more socioeconomic advantage), 30 percentage points for proportion of Black residents and 28 percentage points for proportion of Hispanic residents
Adjusted for individual-level characteristics (mean-centered age, gender, race, education, income, study source, and site), time (years since baseline), tract characteristic, and interactions of site with time and tract characteristic with time. Tract characteristics were each considered in separate models.
Model 1 + all three neighborhood-level predictors and their interactions with time.
The difference in 5-yr change is defined as the coefficient for the interaction term between time (since baseline, in 5-yr increments) and the neighborhood characteristic.