Table 3.

Actor, Partner, Patient, and Caregiver Variables Associated with Depression in COPD

	Actor’s Depression
	B	SE	t	Effect size (r)
Intercept	5.17	.41	–	–
Actor’s Gender1	−1.33	.40	−3.31**	.30
Actor’s Role2	1.72	.42	4.09**	.37
Actor’s General Health3	1.31	.45	2.90**	.27
Partner’s Depression4	.17	.46	.37	–
Patient’s Self-Management5	−.88	.39	−2.25*	.23
Caregiver’s Burden6	1.36	.42	3.21**	.30
Actor’s Gender × Actor’s General Health	−.01	.43	−.02	–
Actor’s Gender × Partner’s Depression	−1.07	.44	−2.44*	.26
Actor’s Gender × Patient Self-Management	.28	.39	.71	–
Actor’s Gender × Caregiver Burden	−.55	.42	−1.29	–

Note: B=raw coefficient, SE=standard error; effect size $\mathrm{r}=\sqrt{t^2/(t^2+df)}$

^*p<.05,

^**p<.01

¹Effect coding was used for gender such that 1 = man and −1 = woman

²Effect coding was used for role such that 1= patient and −1 = caregiver

³Single item. “Would you say your health in general is:” 1 = excellent; 2 = very good; 3 = good; 4 = fair; 5 = poor.

⁴Patient has routine checkups, even when not experiencing difficulty breathing: 1 = yes, 0 = no.

⁵PHQ-9 (Kroenke & Spitzer, 2002). Scores can range from 0–27; higher scores indicate greater depressive symptomatology.