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. 2016 Nov 5;6(3):185–193. doi: 10.4314/ovj.v6i3.7

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Dog 1 of PH group; APSS from portal vein to cranial vena cava via left internal thoracic vein. (A) Three-dimensional volume-rendered CT angiography of cranial abdomen and thorax. A Tortuous vessel (long arrow) originates from the portal vein (p) before its intra-hepatic branches, courses ventrally and joins the left internal thoracic vein (ltv) to reach cranial vena cava (CrVC). (B) Three-dimensional volume-rendered detail of left internal thoracic vein origin (ltv) (black arrow) from cranial vena cava (CrVC). (C) Ventral three-dimensional volume-rendered image at level of xiphoid process of the sternum (xp) showing in detail the point of connection (arrowhead) between the PSS (long arrow) and left internal thoracic vein (ltv). (D) Transverse three-dimensional volume-rendered image at level of portal vein just before its intrahepatic division. The long arrow points to the PSS origin from the portal vein. rtv, right internal thoracic vein; CVC, caudal vena cava.