Figure 2.

Effects of Ef1 on IL-8 production in IPEC-J2 cells stimulated by K88ac. (a) Three-day cultured IPEC-J2 cells in 100% confluence were stimulated with various concentrations of HDRsEf1 for 2 h and the levels of IL-8 mRNAs were detected using qRT-PCR. (b) Three-day cultured IPEC-J2 cells in 100% confluence were stimulated with various concentrations of K88ac for 2 h and the levels of IL-8 mRNAs were detected using qRT-PCR. (c) Three-day cultured IPEC-J2 cells were incubated with 5 × 10⁷ CFU of Ef1 or S-Ef1 for 2 h and then challenged with 5 × 10⁷ CFU K88ac for 2 h, and the levels of IL-8 mRNAs were detected using qRT-PCR. Untreated IPEC-J2 cells were used as controls, the columns represent the means ± standard deviation of 3 experiments performed in duplicate, and the presence of various asterisks (∗, ∗∗, and ∗∗∗) indicates statistical differences with significant levels of p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.