Table 3.
Association of seropositivity to cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) types at the time of the diagnosis of index SCC and risk of subsequent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin.
| Viral infection at the time of the index SCC diagnosis | No subsequent SCC (n = 59) n (%) |
Subsequent SCC (n = 91) n (%) |
HR (95% CI)∗ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Any cutaneous HPV 1 | |||
| Seronegative to 33 cutaneous HPV types | 6 (10.2) | 9 (9.9) | 1.00 |
| Seropositive to ≥1 cutaneous HPV | 53 (89.8) | 82 (90.1) | 0.83 (0.41–1.67) |
| Alpha cutaneous HPV | |||
| Seronegative to 33 cutaneous HPV types | 6 (21.4) | 9 (20.4) | 1.00 |
| Alpha HPV seropositive2 | 22 (78.6) | 35 (79.6) | 0.86 (0.40–1.82) |
| Alpha HPV seronegative | 37 (62.7) | 56 (61.5) | |
| Alpha HPV seropositive3 | 22 (37.3) | 35 (38.5) | 1.04 (0.68–1.59) |
| Beta HPV | |||
| Seronegative to 33 cutaneous HPV types | 6 (12.0) | 9 (12.0) | 1.00 |
| Beta HPV seropositive2 | 44 (88.0) | 66 (88.0) | 0.80 (0.39–1.62) |
| Beta HPV seronegative | 15 (25.4) | 25 (27.5) | 1.00 |
| Beta HPV seropositive3 | 44 (74.6) | 66 (72.5) | 0.82 (0.51–1.30) |
| Any beta 1 HPV 4 | |||
| Seronegative | 6 (17.6) | 9 (16.4) | 1.00 |
| Beta 1 HPV seropositive | 28 (82.3) | 46 (83.6) | 0.77 (0.37–1.59) |
| Any beta 2 HPV 5 | |||
| Seronegative | 6 (17.6) | 9 (15.0) | 1.00 |
| Beta 2 HPV seropositive | 28 (82.3) | 51 (85.0) | 0.99 (0.48–2.04) |
| Multiple beta 1 HPV 6 | |||
| Seronegative | 18 (52.9) | 24 (43.6) | 1.00 |
| Seropositive to ≥2 beta 1 HPV | 16 (47.1) | 31 (56.4) | 1.06 (0.61–1.83) |
| Multiple beta 2 HPV 7 | |||
| Seronegative | 18 (52.9) | 25 (41.7) | 1.00 |
| Seropositive to ≥2 beta 2 HPV | 16 (47.1) | 35 (58.3) | 0.98 (0.58–1.67) |
| Gamma HPV | |||
| Seronegative to 33 cutaneous HPV types | 6 (15.0) | 9 (13.2) | 1.00 |
| Seropositive2 | 34 (85.0) | 59 (86.8) | 0.93 (0.46–1.90) |
| Gamma HPV Seronegative | 25 (42.4) | 32 (35.2) | 1.00 |
| Seropositive3 | 34 (57.6) | 59 (64.8) | 1.21 (0.78–1.87) |
| Mu HPV | |||
| Seronegative to 33 cutaneous HPV types | 6 (22.2) | 9 (20.5) | 1.00 |
| Seropositive2 | 21 (77.8) | 35 (79.5) | 0.78 (0.37–1.65) |
| Mu HPV seronegative | 38 (64.4) | 56 (61.5) | 1.00 |
| Seropositive3 | 21 (35.6) | 35 (38.5) | 1.05 (0.68–1.61) |
| Nu HPV | |||
| Seronegative to 33 cutaneous HPV types | 6 (66.7) | 9 (39.1) | 1.00 |
| Seropositive2 | 3 (33.3) | 14 (60.9) | 0.96 (0.38–2.44) |
| Nu HPV seronegative | 56 (94.9) | 77 (84.6) | 1.00 |
| Seropositive3 | 3 (5.1) | 14 (15.4) | 1.31 (0.73–2.34) |
1Seropositivity to any cutaneous HPV (n = 33 types) versus negative to all. 2Seropositive to at least one genus specific type versus negative to all cutaneous (n = 33) types. 3Seropositive to at least one genus specific HPV versus seronegative to all genus-specific HPV types. 4Seropositive to at least one beta 1 type versus seronegative to 33 cutaneous HPV types. 5Seropositive to at least one beta 2 type versus seronegative to 33 cutaneous HPV types. 6Seropositive to ≥2 beta 1 HPV types versus seronegative to all cutaneous types or positive to at least one beta 1 HPV type. 7Seropositive to ≥2 beta 2 HPV types versus seronegative to all cutaneous types or positive to at least one beta 2 HPV type. HR = hazards ratio, CI = confidence interval. ∗Adjusted for age and gender.