Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate mortality analysis by frailty group patients undergoing colon resection, ACS-NSQIP 2005-2012
| Characteristic | Mortality n (%) | P value | OR (95%CI), P value |
| Non frail (n = 42507) | |||
| Age | Yes: 65.22 ± 15.23 | < 0.0001 | 0.94 (0.95-1.05), < 0.0001 |
| No: 53.84 ± 15.09 | |||
| Race | |||
| AA | 20 (0.71) | 0.60 | - |
| White | 186 (0.55) | ||
| Other | 10 (0.54) | ||
| Unknown | 20 (0.47) | ||
| Gender | |||
| Male | 122 (0.60) | 0.20 | 1.34 (1.03-1.75), 0.028 |
| Female | 114 (0.51) | Ref | |
| Type of intervention | < 0.0001 | ||
| APR | 1 (0.40) | 0.45 (0.02-2.04), 0.36 | |
| LAR | 31 (0.31) | 0.53 (0.35-0.77), 0.0008 | |
| TPC | 8 (0.32) | 0.81 (0.36-1.57), 0.56 | |
| Total colectomy | 15 (0.89) | 1.82 (1.02-3.04), 0.04 | |
| Partial colectomy | 162 (0.62) | Ref | |
| Sigmoid colectomy | 19 (1.16) | 1.18 (0.66-1.96), 0.54 | |
| Procedure | |||
| Open | 204 (0.86) | < 0.0001 | 4.65 (3.16-6.82), < 0.0001 |
| Lap | 32 (0.17) | Ref | |
| Characteristic mildly frail (n = 35596) | |||
| Age | Yes: 72.84 ± 12.25 | < 0.0001 | 0.94 (0.95-1.05), < 0.0001 |
| No: 65.75 ± 12.36 | |||
| Race | 0.59 | ||
| AA | 68 (1.64) | ||
| White | 453 (1.67) | ||
| Other | 20 (1.38) | ||
| Unknown | 57 (1.92) | ||
| Gender | 0.006 | ||
| Male | 302 (1.89) | 1.58 (1.33-1.88), < 0.0001 | |
| Female | 296 (1.51) | Ref | |
| Type of intervention | < 0.0001 | ||
| APR | 5 (2.55) | 1.14 (0.34-2.73), 0.79 | |
| LAR | 85 (1.05) | 0.68 (0.53-1.87), 0.0018 | |
| TPC | 14 (1.54) | 1.07 (0.58-1.81), 0.79 | |
| Total colectomy | 31 (3.27) | 1.94 (1.28-2.84), 0.00025 | |
| Partial colectomy | 405 (1.70) | Ref | |
| Sigmoid colectomy | 58 (3.48) | 1.77 (1.30-2.36), 0.0003 | |
| Procedure | |||
| Open | 470 (2.26) | < 0.0001 | 2.35 (1.92-2.91), < 0.0001 |
| Lap | 128 (0.87) | Ref | |
| Characteristic moderately frail (n = 11744) | |||
| Age | Yes: 74.7 ± 10.95 | < 0.0001 | 0.96 (0.11-17.47), < 0.0001 |
| No: 70.28 ± 11.2 | |||
| Race | |||
| AA | 49 (3.86) | 0.65 | - |
| White | 368 (3.96) | ||
| Other | 13 (3.53) | ||
| Unknown | 40 (4.76) | ||
| Gender | 0.34 | ||
| Male | 265 (4.15) | - | |
| Female | 205 (3.81) | ||
| Type of intervention | < 0.0001 | ||
| APR | 29 (3.77) | 0.89 (0.14-2.92), 0.87 | |
| LAR | 54 (2.39) | 0.68 (0.49-0.91), 0.018 | |
| TPC | 13 (5.94) | 1.70 (0.88-2.98), 0.10 | |
| Total colectomy | 28 (7.78) | 2.29 (1.48-3.40), 0.0003 | |
| Partial colectomy | 317 (3.86) | Ref | |
| Sigmoid colectomy | 56 (8.41) | 2.08 (1.50-2.83), < 0.001 | |
| Procedure | |||
| Open | 395 (5.22) | < 0.0001 | 2.70 (2.08-3.54), < 0.0001 |
| Lap | 75 (1.78) | Ref | |
| Characteristic: Severely frail (n = 4934) | |||
| Age | Yes: 75.92 ± 9.51 | < 0.0001 | 0.96 (0.15-13.07), < 0.0001 |
| No: 71.94 ± 10.02 | |||
| Race | |||
| AA | 50 (8.80) | 0.42 | - |
| White | 381 (9.61) | ||
| Other | 7 (5.79) | ||
| Unknown | 24 (8.54) | ||
| Gender | |||
| Male | 281 (10.16) | 0.03 | 1.42 (1.16-1.75), 0.0006 |
| Female | 181 (8.35) | Ref | |
| Type of intervention | < 0.0001 | ||
| APR | 2 (8.33) | 0.75 (0.12-2.62), 0.69 | |
| LAR | 46 (5.67) | 0.63 (0.45-0.88), 0.0058 | |
| TPC | 10 (10.10) | 1.15 (0.55-2.15), 0.68 | |
| Total colectomy | 35 (16.67) | 2.07 (1.38-3.03), 0.0006 | |
| Partial colectomy | 299 (8.82) | Ref | |
| Sigmoid colectomy | 70 (17.59) | 1.94 (1.41-2.62), < 0.0004 | |
| Procedure | |||
| Open | 394 (10.92) | < 0.0001 | 2.13 (1.62-2.84), < 0.0001 |
| Lap | 68 (5.13) | Ref | |
Lap: Laparoscopic; ACS-NSQIP: American College of surgeons National surgical Quality improvement program; AA: African Americans; APR: Abdominoperineal resection; LAR: Low anterior resection; TPC: Total abdominal proctocolectomy; LOS: Length of stay.