Production of IL-6 and TNF-α by BMDCs in response to O. tsutsugamushi requires TLR2. (A, B) BMDCs (2 × 105) were infected or stimulated with O. tsutsugamushi or treated with LPS (1 μg/ml), Pam3C (1 μM), or controls. At 24 h p.i., the levels of IL-6 (A) and TNF-α (B) in the supernatants were measured by ELISA (n = 4 replicates per experiment). Shown are pooled results from two independent experiments (mean ± SEM). *, P < 0.05 by one way-ANOVA; **, P < 0.01 by one way-ANOVA; ***, P < 0.001 by one way-ANOVA.