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NMII-infected purified B1a B cells secrete the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. (A) B1a B cells were purified by MACS and evaluated for TNF-α secretion at day 1 postinfection using ELISA. ***, P < 0.001. (B) Purified B1a B cells were infected with NMII and treated with an anti-TNF-α antibody prior to the MTS assay. These data indicate that NMII induces the secretion of TNF-α by B1a B cells, but this does not contribute significantly to cell death.
