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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 21.

Published in final edited form as: Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 2012 Dec;(172):5–82.

Table 19.

VOC Summary Values for P & D Drivers

	Nonsmokers				Smokers

Compound (µg/m³)	Observations (n)	Mean	Median	SD	Observations (n)	Mean	Median	SD
Trimethylpentane	235	1.22	0.72	2.29	62	0.83	0.51	0.99
Dimethylpentane	234	0.68	0.35	1.22	62	0.64	0.32	1.04
2-Methylhexane	234	1.15	0.67	2.65	61	1.21	0.59	2.04
Methylpentane	234	2.33	1.58	4.40	61	1.83	1.39	1.57
3-Methylhexane	234	1.46	0.79	3.74	61	1.60	0.68	2.95
Methylcyclohexane^a	235	0.78	0.58	0.81	62	7.80	0.62	50.08
Hexane	64	2.24	1.66	2.07	18	1.53	1.19	0.85
1,3-Butadiene^a	235	0.34	0.28	0.47	62	1.26	0.80	1.50
Benzene^a	235	1.56	1.43	0.78	62	2.36	1.84	1.76
Ethylbenzene	235	6.91	0.85	84.36	62	2.74	0.95	11.41
m&p-Xylenes	235	24.16	2.79	301.40	62	7.59	3.14	27.03
o-Xylene	235	9.56	1.00	123.53	62	3.22	1.05	14.66
Styrene^a	235	8.63	0.55	112.13	62	1.46	0.66	2.39
Toluene	235	5.83	4.53	4.27	62	6.66	4.89	6.99
Toluene:Benzene	235	3.7	3.2	NA	62	2.8	2.7	NA
MTBE	235	0.61	0.04	1.36	61	0.51	0.07	0.93
Acetone	234	10.30	7.58	18.97	62	6.92	5.73	7.16
Acetaldehyde^a	234	5.63	4.63	4.23	62	8.78	6.07	7.98
Formaldehyde	234	8.30	7.11	5.67	62	9.59	8.16	5.65
EC^a	223	1.23	1.05	0.87	61	2.00	1.50	1.83
OC^a	223	11.79	10.66	5.46	61	27.65	20.71	30.90
PM_2.5^a	207	15.98	13.88	10.22	55	37.83	29.48	29.50

^a

Concentrations were significantly higher for smokers than nonsmokers (P < 0.05) using Wilcoxon rank sum nonparametric comparison tests.

NA indicates not available.