Table 2.
Recovery and Growth Outcomes, According to Intervention Group and Type of Severe Acute Malnutrition.*
| Outcome | Amoxicillin | Cefdinir | Placebo | Placebo vs. Amoxicillin | Placebo vs. Cefdinir | Amoxicillin vs. Cefdinir | Placebo vs. Amoxicillin and Cefdinir |
||||
| Relative Risk (95% CI) |
P Value | Relative Risk (95% CI) |
P Value | Relative Risk (95% CI) |
P Value | Relative Risk (95% CI) |
P Value | ||||
| Overall | |||||||||||
| No. of children | 924 | 923 | 920 | ||||||||
| Did not recover ∔ no. (%) | 104 (11.3) | 84 (9.1) | 137 (14.9) | 1.32 (1.04–1.68) | 0.02 | 1.64 (1.27–2.11) | <0.001 | 1.24 (0.94–1.62) | 0.14 | 1.46 (1.19–1.80) | <0.001 |
| Died | 44 (4.8) | 38 (4.1) | 68 (7.4) | 1.55 (1.07–2.24) | 0.02 | 1.80 (1.22–2.64) | 0.003 | 1.16 (0.76–1.77) | 0.57 | 1.66 (1.22–2.27) | 0.002 |
| Withdrew from the study | 20 (2.2) | 15 (1.6) | 25 (2.7) | ||||||||
| Were hospitalized | 26 (2.8) | 15 (1.6) | 22 (2.4) | ||||||||
| Continued to have severe acute malnutrition | 14 (1.5) | 16 (1.7) | 22 (2.4) | ||||||||
| Kwashiorkor | |||||||||||
| No. of children | 649 | 664 | 632 | ||||||||
| Did not recover — no. (%) | 39 (6.0) | 32 (4.8) | 49 (7.8) | 1.29 (0.86–1.94) | 0.23 | 1.61 (1.04–2.48) | 0.04 | 1.25 (0.79–1.97) | 0.39 | 1.43 (1.01–2.04) | 0.06 |
| Died | 15 (2.3) | 18 (2.7) | 32 (5.1) | 2.19 (1.20–4.01) | 0.01 | 1.87 (1.06–3.29) | 0.03 | 0.85 (0.43–1.68) | 0.73 | 2.01 (1.25–3.25) | 0.005 |
| Withdrew from the study | 9 (1.4) | 5 (0.8) | 7 (1.1) | ||||||||
| Were hospitalized | 12 (1.8) | 5 (0.8) | 8 (1.3) | ||||||||
| Continued to have severe acute malnutrition | 3 (0.5) | 4 (0.6) | 2 (0.3) | ||||||||
| Marasmic kwashiorkor | |||||||||||
| No. of children | 78 | 73 | 93 | ||||||||
| Did not recover — no. (%) | 24 (30.8) | 22 (30.1) | 38 (40.9) | 1.33 (0.88–2.01) | 0.20 | 1.36 (0.89–2.08) | 0.19 | 1.02 (0.63–1.65) | 1.00 | 1.34 (0.95–1.89) | 0.13 |
| Died | 12 (15.4) | 9 (12.3) | 21 (22.6) | 1.47 (0.77–2.79) | 0.25 | 1.83 (0.89–3.76) | 0.11 | 1.25 (0.56–2.79) | 0.64 | 1.62 (0.94–2.81) | 0.12 |
| Withdrew from the study | 6 (7.7) | 5 (6.8) | 6 (6.5) | ||||||||
| Were hospitalized | 4 (5.1) | 4 (5.5) | 7 (7.5) | ||||||||
| Continued to have severe acute malnutrition | 2 (2.6) | 4 (5.5) | 4 (4.3) | ||||||||
| Marasmus | |||||||||||
| No. of children | 197 | 186 | 195 | ||||||||
| Did not recover — no. (%) | 41 (20.8) | 30 (16.1) | 50 (25.6) | 1.23 (0.86–1.77) | 0.28 | 1.59 (1.06–2.39) | 0.02 | 1.29 (0.84–1.98) | 0.29 | 1.38 (1.01–1.90) | 0.05 |
| Died | 17 (8.6) | 11 (5.9) | 15 (7.7) | 0.89 (0.46–1.73) | 0.85 | 1.30 (0.61–2.76) | 0.55 | 1.46 (0.70–3.03) | 0.33 | 1.05 (0.58–1.92) | 0.87 |
| Withdrew from the study | 5 (2.5) | 5 (2.7) | 12 (6.2) | ||||||||
| Were hospitalized | 10 (5.1) | 6 (3.2) | 7 (3.6) | ||||||||
| Continued to have severe acute malnutrition | 9 (4.6) | 8 (4.3) | 16 (8.2) | ||||||||
*
CI denotes confidence interval.